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Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Special Publications Series. In the early 1980s, the Department of Hydrology and Water Resources at the University of Arizona started a tradition: an annual public lecture to perpetuate the memory of one of its most original thinkers who passed away at an early age, Chester C. Kisiel. At that time, the department was quite young—a little over ten years old—and so was the University of Arizona, not quite a century old. The overall atmosphere was extremely stimulating, faculty members and students were curious and excited, wishing to learn and understand more about the natural phenomena that transform precipitation into water and the possible development of regional waters for human uses. The preparation and delivery of these lectures were entrusted by the department to outstanding scientists in the fields of hydrology and water resources, thus attaining a double objective. On the one hand, the lectures became salient points on a time trajectory when specific facets of the broad agenda of scientific issues studied in the department were brought to the limelight of a public discourse. On the other hand, the lectures also provided opportunities for reflection on contemporary problems and on the approaches for their study and analysis.
This book presents an overview of the fluvial processes theory developed in the former USSR at Lomonosov Moscow State University for the last 50 years, following the famous manuscript by Professor Makkaveev in 1955. Even being published solely in the Russian language, the theory and the author of the book, Prof. Roman Chalov, are well known in the World. This book consolidates for the first time in English, Chalov's work for the global audience. The book demonstrates how principles from fluvial geomorphology and hydrology are used to develop an ecosystem approach to river analysis and management. Despite a strong tradition in fluvial geomorphology work in the USSR, unfortunately, little has been made of insights provided on the international stage. The fluvial processes theory accepted in USSR was somewhat isolated during the long period of development from the English-language literature. The studied rivers are mostly located in Northern Eurasia and much different from those described in classical English-language works. Chalov allows the readers to interconnect two Worlds in Geomorphology, building bridges between the classical international geomorphology and the equally in-depth and thorough but isolated research in the USSR.
Abstracts for Dec. 1954- issued in the Agricultural Research Service's series ARS-41.
Riparian ecosystems are declining throughout the southwestern United States, where many have disappeared completely; yet progress toward checking their decline has been marginal, and the results of only a few recovery projects have been evaluated. In this guidebook, Mark K. Briggs has filled this gap in riparian conservation literature. Based on his experiences gleaned from evaluating the results of many riparian rehabilitation projects, Briggs presents these results in a manner that biologists, hydrologists, government planners, resource managers, and other concerned citizens can immediately apply toward developing site-specific recovery strategies. The book opens with a review of watershed characteristics and an examination of drainage systems, then proceeds to determining the causes of riparian decline. It introduces five factors that have a significant effect on the results of riparian rehabilitation--natural regeneration, water availability, channel stability, direct impacts such as livestock grazing and recreational activities, and soil salinity--and offers case studies that demonstrate how revegetation has been used both effectively and ineffectively. It also discusses strategies other than revegetation that may be effective in improving the ecological condition of a site. Many of the strategies presented are also relevant to nonarid climates and to urban areas. By emphasizing evaluation of riparian ecosystems, so that the causes of degradation can be understood, and by offering general approaches that can be tailored to specific situations, Riparian Ecosystem Recovery in Arid Lands takes a holistic approach to riparian recovery that will enable users to better judge whether recovery expenditures are likely to produce desired results. An unprecedented work, it will substantially add to efforts across the Southwest and elsewhere to restore these unique and priceless ecosystems. CONTENTS 1 An Overview: Background on Riparian Ecosystems / Lessons Learned from Past Riparian Recovery Efforts / An Evaluation Strategy / Defining Some Important Terms 2 Considering the Damaged Riparian Area from a Watershed Perspective: Case Study 1: Rincon Creek / Taking Advantage of Available Information / Getting to Know the Watershed / Getting to Know the Stream 3 Impacts within the Riparian Zone: Livestock / Case Study 2: Sheepshead Spring / Recreation / Competition from Nonnative Species / Wildlife 4 Natural Recovery in Riparian Ecosystems: Case Study 3: Aravaipa Creek / Factors Influencing Natural Recovery / Case Study 4: McEuen Seep / Autoecology of Selected Southwestern Riparian Tree Species / Case Study 5: Boulder Creek 5 Water Availability: Case Study 6: Box Bar / How Groundwater Decline Occurs / Evaluating Groundwater Conditions / Revegetating Riparian Ecosystems Characterized by Groundwater Decline 6 The Drainageway: Channel Instability and Riparian Ecosystems / Case Study 7: Babocomari River / Channel Dynamics / Strategies for Evaluating Channel Stability / Developing Recovery Projects along Unstable Alluvial Stream Channels 7 Soil Salinity and Riparian Ecosystems: Effects of Soil Salinity on Plant Growth / The Soil Survey / Soil Salinity and Revegetation 8 Developing the Recovery Plan: Developing Project Objectives / Selecting the Best Site / Local, State, and Federal Permit Requirements / Identifying Model Areas / Critical Components of the Recovery Plan / Community Involvement / Demonstration Sites / Postproject Evaluation and Monitoring