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Now that the third Yugoslavia has ended and the new union of Serbia and Montenegro emerged, Montenegro still remains largely unknown. The path of this smallest republic of former Yugoslavia has differed from the rest of the country during the past decade. Montenegro emerged as the only republic not to be engulfed in armed conflict. At the same time, it remained together with Serbia part of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and will continue to form a loose union with Serbia for the coming three years. This book seeks to close an important gap in the literature on the former Yugoslavia. As the first overview over political, historical, and economic developments in Montenegro during the past decade in English, it seeks to offer a nuanced assessment of the difficulties encountered by Montenegro during the violent disintegration of Yugoslavia. The articles cover all major aspects for understanding contemporary Montenegro; from its historical origins and the identity of Montenegrin to political, economic developments and an overview of minority-majority relations. In addition, the book surveys the dispute over Montenegrin independence and the Belgrade agreement of March 2002. The book is not only of interest for those seeking to understand contemporary Montenegro, but also for scholars and students interested in the dissolution of Yugoslavia and the conflicts and post-war transition in which the former Yugoslav space is engaged.
Montenegro was admitted to the UN as its 192nd member in June 2006, thus recovering the independence it had lost nearly ninety years earlier at the Versailles Peace Conference. This is the first full-length history of the country in English for a century, tracing the history of the tiny Balkan state from its earliest roots in the medieval empire of Zeta through its consistently ambiguous and frequently problematic relationship with its larger neighbour Serbia, the emergence of a priest/warrior ruler in the shape of the Vladika and its emergence from Ottoman suzerainty at the Congress of Berlin. In more recent history, the book focuses on Montenegro’s troubled twentieth century, its prominent role in the Balkan wars, its unique deletion from world maps as an independent state despite being on the winning side in the Great War, its ignominious role in the wars leading to the disintegration of Yugoslavia and its final reemergence as a member of the international community on the anniversary of the Battle of Kosovo in 2006. Since independence, Montenegro has grappled with the question of Euro-Atlantic integration, including membership of NATO (achieved) and the EU (applicant). Even as it has fought to define its identity, it has gone from being one of the poorest nations in the Western Balkans to having the highest per capita income of the region. It successfully navigated democratic transition in 2020.
In May 2006, following a closely and bitterly fought referendum, Montenegro finally regained the status of an independent nation that it had lost in 1918 - the most recent chapter in a highly turbulent history. The tiny Balkan republica??s declaration of independence from Serbia represented - barring the final resolution of Kosovoa??s status - the final stage in the disintegration of what was once Yugoslavia. But how did the Balkans forge this tiny republic? What sets it apart from the other dominant powers in the region? And what will be its future role on the worlda??s stage? 'Montenegro: A Modern History' charts the countrya??s contemporary history in accessible and comprehensive form. Kenneth Morrison explores the forces that have shaped the republic of Montenegro and questions where this will lead in the future, examining the fundamental issues of Montenegrin identity and statehood in a wider European as well as a Balkan context. This full and authoritative modern history is essential reading for everyone interested in the political and social dynamics of one of Europea??s youngest states.
In the 1990s, amid political upheaval and civil war, the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia dissolved into five successor states. The subsequent independence of Montenegro and Kosovo brought the total number to seven. Balkan scholar and diplomat to the region Mieczyslaw P. Boduszynski examines four of those states—Croatia, Slovenia, Macedonia, and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia—and traces their divergent paths toward democracy and Euro-Atlantic integration over the past two decades. Boduszynski argues that regime change in the Yugoslav successor states was powerfully shaped by both internal and external forces: the economic conditions on the eve of independence and transition and the incentives offered by the European Union and other Western actors to encourage economic and political liberalization. He shows how these factors contributed to differing formulations of democracy in each state. The author engages with the vexing problems of creating and sustaining democracy when circumstances are not entirely supportive of the effort. He employs innovative concepts to measure the quality of and prospects for democracy in the Balkan region, arguing that procedural indicators of democratization do not adequately describe the stability of liberalism in post-communist states. This unique perspective on developments in the region provides relevant lessons for regime change in the larger post-communist world. Scholars, practitioners, and policymakers will find the book to be a compelling contribution to the study of comparative politics, democratization, and European integration.
This book explores the economic and social development of the Western Balkan region, a group of six countries that are potential candidates for EU membership. It focuses on the key economic issues facing these countries, including the challenge of promoting economic growth, limiting public deficits and debt, and fostering international trade relations. Given the severe impact of the recent economic crisis on social welfare in the region, it also investigates the nature and extent of social exclusion, a factor likely to produce future political instabilities if not effectively addressed by a return to sustainable economic growth. The contributions explore these issues in light of the major influence of EU policy instruments and advice, which are currently guiding the economies along an accession trajectory to future EU membership.
Montenegro is a small country in southeastern Europe, bordered by Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Kosovo, Albania, and the Adriatic Sea. It gained independence in 2006 from Serbia and has a population of about 620,029 people. Its official language is Montenegrin, which is closely related to Serbian, Croatian, and Bosnian. Serbia had ruled Montenegro for over 88 years before its independence, but its history can be traced back to the Illyrians, an ancient Indo-European people who inhabited the western Balkans. Montenegro has a diverse landscape with mountains, lakes, and beaches, making it a popular tourist destination. Montenegro is a member of the United Nations and NATO’s Partnership for Peace program, but it is not an official member of the European Union. The country’s economy relies on tourism and energy production, with significant investment from foreign companies. The country has a Mediterranean climate with hot and dry summers and mild winters. Montenegro is known for its beautiful beaches along the Adriatic coast and its medieval towns, such as Kotor and Budva, which are listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The country is also home to several national parks, including Durmitor and Biogradska Gora, which offer visitors the opportunity to hike, ski, and experience the country's natural beauty.
The post-Yugoslav states have developed very differently since Yugoslavia dissolved in the early 1990s. This book analyzes the foreign policies of the post-Yugoslav states, thereby focusing on the main goals, actors, decision-making processes and influences on the foreign policies of these countries.
"This report analyses the nature of these reforms, their rationale and design as well as issues of implementation and evaluation"--Back cover.