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Over the past 30 years, Monte Carlo simulation of photons interacting with matter has gradually improved to the extent that it now appears suitable for calibrating germanium detectors for counting efficiency in gamma-ray spectral analysis. The process is particularly useful because it can be applied for a variety of source shapes and spatial relations between source and detector by simply redefining the geometry, whereas calibration with radioactive standards requires a separate set of measurements for each source shape and location relative to the detector. Simulation accuracy was evaluated for two large (126% and 110%) and one medium-sized (20%) detectors with radioactive point sources at distances of 10 m, 1.6 m, and 0.50 m and with aqueous solutions in a 0.5-L reentrant beaker and in jars of similar volume but various dimensions. The sensitivity in comparing measured and simulated results was limited by a combined uncertainty of about 3% in the radioactive standards and experimental conditions. Simulation was performed with the MCNP-4 code.
Nuclear and radioactive agents are considerable concerns especially after the early 1990s and more attention has been focused on the radiation detection technologies. This book comprises the selected presentations of NATO Advanced Training Course held 26-30 May 2008 in Mugla, Turkey. The contributions represent a wide range of documents related to control, monitoring and measurement methods of nuclear / radioactive isotopes and agents for both fundamental and applied works dealing with their use for different purposes. This book presents environmental data from many locations of different countries and also contains the contributions in the detection/monitoring programs of some authors from CIS countries. The basic goal of this book is to deal with recent developments and applications of environmental monitoring and measurement techniques of environmental radionuclides and nuclear agents as well as the auxiliary techniques. The many recent examples contributed by authors will be useful in monitoring/ measurement studies of radioactive/nuclear agents in the present environment, and can help, not only in carrying out outdoor and laboratory experiments, but also in protection of possible sources of radionuclides and nuclear agents. Especially the contributions of experts and specialists involved in this book assured the highest level of knowledge in the field of techniques for the detection of radioactive and nuclear agents.
Hardbound. This book covers the topics essential to gamma- and x-ray spectrometry as it is now practiced with semiconductor detectors in the energy range from 5keV to 3MeV. This includes useful physical and mathematical background information, the components of a standard photon spectrometer, spectrum analysis procedures, the energy and efficiency calibration, energy and emission-rate measurement methods and some application examples.
Authoritative reference providing the principles, practical techniques, and procedures for the accurate measurement of radioactivity.
This book focuses on the state of the art of Monte Carlo methods in radiation physics and particle transport simulation and applications. Special attention is paid to algorithm development for modeling, and the analysis of experiments and measurements in a variety of fields.