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Former U.S. ambassador Jonathan Addleton provides a pioneering firsthand look at the remarkable growth of civil society and diplomatic ties between two countries separated by vast distances yet sharing a growing list of strategic interests and values. While maintaining positive ties with Russia and China, its powerful neighbors and still-dominant trading partners, Mongolia has sought "third neighbors" to help provide balance, including Canada, Japan, Korea, European nations, and the United States. For its part, the United States has supported Mongolia as an emerging democracy while fostering development and commercial relations. People-to-people ties have significantly expanded in recent years, as has a security partnership that supports Mongolias emergence as a provider of military peacekeepers under the U.N. flag in Sierra Leone, Chad, Kosovo, Darfur, South Sudan, and elsewhere.While focusing on diplomatic relations over the last quarter century, Addleton also briefly describes American encounters with Mongolia over the past 150 years. More recently, Mongolia has emerged as a magnet for foreign investment, making it one of the worlds fastest growing economies.
"A multifaceted examination of the context, formulation, and execution of contemporary Mongolian foreign policy."--Provided by publisher.
"A multifaceted examination of the context, formulation, and execution of contemporary Mongolian foreign policy."--Provided by publisher.
Mongolia, land-locked between two politically, economically, and militarily powerful nations 0́4 Russia and China 0́4 often must balance its foreign and security policies with its two neighbors and countries beyond. When discussing Mongolia0́9s foreign policy and security apparatus, historians and scholars look at the international relations of East Asia as a whole. This is the case not because Mongolia0́9s foreign policy is insignificant but because greater powers impose greater influence on smaller states. Mongolia0́9s partial involvement in World War II (WWII), and the Cold War introduced new challenges as well as opportunities for Mongolia to modernize its foreign policy principles and security policies. In turn, this research paper offers ways to enhance and strengthen Mongolia0́9s foreign and security policies by carefully looking at historical turning points, addressing existing issues, and providing a solution-based analysis for policymakers. Moreover, while there is a burgeoning discussion on cybersecurity, as a non-traditional security threat, Mongolia0́9s cybersecurity apparatus is a new contribution to the existing literature. The research essay concludes that Mongolia0́9s foreign and security policies are effective, timely efficient in facing both the traditional and non-traditional threats. Keywords Mongolia, Foreign policy, security policy, cyber security, small states, diplomacy
"Diplomatic Ties" offers an in-depth exploration of Mongolia's intricate and multifaceted relationships with its neighboring countries. Nestled between two global giants, Russia and China, Mongolia has historically navigated a complex geopolitical landscape, balancing its national interests with the often competing agendas of its larger neighbors. Beyond these two powers, Mongolia's interactions with other Asian nations provide further layers of intrigue and strategy. Key themes covered in the book include: Historical Legacy: Tracing Mongolia's storied past, from the vast Mongol Empire to its status as a buffer state during the Cold War. Russian Relations: An examination of the deep historical, cultural, and political ties with Russia, considering shared challenges, economic ventures, and the nuances of their strategic partnership. Engagement with China: A comprehensive look at Mongolia's relationship with China, marked by economic dependency, historical contentions, and mutual opportunities. Regional Diplomacy: Insights into Mongolia's interactions with other neighboring nations such as Kazakhstan, South Korea, and Japan, detailing diplomatic, trade, and cultural exchanges. Third Neighbor Policy: Delving into Mongolia's unique foreign policy strategy of forging ties beyond its immediate neighbors, especially with Western democracies and institutions. Economic Strategies: Analysis of Mongolia's trade dynamics, investment flows, and infrastructural projects, emphasizing its role as a mineral-rich nation in a resource-hungry region. Future Prospects: Speculative insights into the potential trajectory of Mongolia's foreign relations, given global geopolitical shifts, regional developments, and internal political dynamics. "Diplomatic Ties: Mongolia and Its Neighbors" combines rigorous academic research with insightful anecdotes, providing readers with a comprehensive understanding of Mongolia's foreign policy maneuvers. The book illuminates the intricate dance of diplomacy performed by a nation with a rich history, strategic location, and ambitious global aspirations. It's a must-read for geopolitics
Since the collapse of the Communist bloc, Mongolia has pursued the independent foreign policy with balanced relations attached to the two great neighbors - Russia and China. Meanwhile, the search for a "third neighbor" (the United States, Japan and/or the collective community of democracies) has been seen as the alternative approach to the existing "neighbor-oriented" policy. The thesis argues that both approaches are not mutually exclusive schools of foreign policy, but rather constitute the common approach that is described within this research as "bufferism." To present an alternative vision of the nation's foreign policy orientation, the thesis covers the major schools of international relations and identifies the two major causes of policy: identity (based on constructivism) and interest (based on realism). As a nation, Mongolia faces the identity trilemma and the security dilemma, without much preference given to any of these options during the last decade. Hence appears the nation's ambiguity in identity, security and economic development. The thesis puts the argument that without prioritizing one option, Mongolia faces the risk of degrading into a failing state isolated from the global affairs. Thus, the reconciliation of its identity and interest, as well as of its aspirations must lead to a rational choice of a Sino-centric East Asian policy dimension over any other.
This book assesses Mongolia’s position in the security calculus of Northeast Asia and presents the policy outlooks of major powers vis-a-vis the region, including the United States, Japan, China, Russia, and India. Ground-breaking and modernistic in its approach, the book treats the often marginalised and landlocked small power state of Mongolia as a critical regional actor, particularly with regards to managing ties with encircling major powers Russia and China and assist in engaging the nuclear state of North Korea through dialogue mechanisms. This compilation of chapters by distinguished scholars explores Mongolia in the Northeast Asian geographical space within the context of three major themes: nuclear proliferation, environmental security, and socio-economic and civilisational conflicts. The book provides a multidisciplinary and multinational approach to Mongolia’s role in the region's strategic landscape. It moves the regional security discussion beyond major power politics, North Korea's denuclearisation, and the impasse on the Korean Peninsula to discuss and analyse other underappreciated challenges facing the region. Considering Mongolia’s role in achieving peace and stability in the neighbourhood, the book will be a valuable resource for researchers and readers in International Relations, Political Science, and Asian Studies.
This book provides an overview and discussion of the sparsely populated young democracy of mongolia, which is located in a remote part of Asia, sandwiched between two powerful large neighbours, China and Russia. It made its transition to democracy peacefully in 1990, after nearly 70 years as a Soviet satellite state. Congress has shown a strong interest in Mongolia's development since, through the funding of assistance programs, ratification of a bilateral investment treaty, legislation to extend permanent normal trade relations, and passage of six resolutions commending Mongolia's progress and supporting strong U.S.-Mongolia relations. Discussed are Mongolia's democratic development, economic issues and engagement with the world.
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