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This title was first published in 1979. Essential information for understanding a credit system that is different from that of the 'Capitalist' countires and which has envolved into an integral and essential part of 'soviet- type economies'. Dr Zwass has done a workman-like job in providing another valuable contribution to our knowledge of economies of eastern europe- George Garvy.
Economic research monograph on banking and monetary policy in the USSR - covers foreign exchange, trade and the balance of payments, price stabilization policies, the nature of capital flows, foreign investments, financial planning, the credit system, etc. Bibliography pp. 204 to 218, diagram and references.
Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1. Money in a Planned Economy -- Chapter 2. The Price System in the Planned Economies -- Chapter 3. Are the Planned Economies Shielded from Inflation? -- Chapter 4. The Banking System in a Planned Economy -- Chapter 5. The Credit Policies of the Planned Economies -- Chapter 6. Money, Credit, and Prices in Foreign Trade -- Chapter 7. Summary: Perspectives for Incorporating CMEA Currencies into International Trade -- About the Author
'...this book would be suited to lawyers and non-lawyers alike. In addition, it provides an interesting look at the EU banking system and the systems of Central and Eastern European countries.' - Ellie Palmer, Journal of International Banking Law and Regulation The eastwards expansion of the European Union is one of the most explosive economic and political issues of the early 21st century. Economic and financial stability combined with rising prosperity in the applicant countries are increasingly seen as necessary preconditions for European Union membership. This authoritative volume, written by scholars and practitioners from Central and Western Europe and the United States, confronts the issues involved in three of the countries most likely to be successful applicants to the EU - the Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovenia. A spotlight is turned on the banking and financial industries, as they are crucial to the achievement of economic stability. The blend of expertise deployed, which draws on in-depth knowledge and extensive experience in central banking, financial and commercial law, business, practical policy making and economic analysis, ensures that this book is timely, relevant and insightful. The authors suggest that the role of the state in both creating and maintaining an effective financial sector is central. Furthermore, they argue that well-regulated commercial banks and strategic foreign investors are a must as, in practice, the attempt to skip straight to modern capital markets has been ruinous. This accessibly written volume will be of interest to students and scholars of economics, finance, law, political science, the sociology of economic life and European studies.
World Bank Technical Paper No. 394. Joint Forest Management (JFM) has emerged as an important intervention in the management of Indias forest resources. This report sets out an analytical method for examining the costs and benefits of JFM arrangements. Two pilot case studies in which the method was used demonstrate interesting outcomes regarding incentives for various groups to participate. The main objective of this study is to develop a better understanding of the incentives for communities to participate in JFM.
Economic Reforms in Eastern Europe and Prospects for the 1980s focuses on the institution of economic reforms and prospects in Eastern Europe, including manpower availability, scarce and expensive energy and raw materials, deficiency of technological innovation, and inflexibilities in management. The selection first offers information on the economic reforms in Bulgaria, Romanian economic reforms, and the economic reforms in Czechoslovakia. Discussions focus on "the kj problem" and its resolution, evaluation of the Bulgarian model, Romanian economic development, and principles contained in the directives. The text then examines the reform of the system of economic management in Poland; economic reforms and consumers in Eastern Europe; and the prospects for the 1980s of the economic reforms in Bulgaria and Romania. The publication takes a look at the economic prospects for the 1980s of Czechoslovakia and the German Democratic Republic. Topics include factors impending economic growth, overemployment, increases in consumer good prices, welfare of consumers, and decreasing economic growth. The book further elaborates on the economic prospects for the 1980s of Hungary and Poland and the effects of energy development on East European economic prospects. The selection is a vital reference for economists and readers interested in the prospects for the 1980s of the economic reforms in Eastern Europe.
This paper provides a critical survey of the literature on politico-institutional determinants of the government budget. We organize our discussion around two questions: Why did certain OECD countries, but not others, accumulate large public debts? Why did these fiscal imbalances appear in the last twenty years rather than sooner? We begin by discussing the “tax smoothing” model and conclude that this approach alone cannot provide complete answers to these questions. We then proceed to a discussion of political economy models, which we organize into six groups: (1) models based upon opportunistic policy makers and naive voters with “fiscal illusion”; (2) models of intergenerational redistributions; (3) models of debt as a strategic variable, linking the current government with the next one; (4) models of coalition governments; (5) models of geographically dispersed interests; and (6) models emphasizing the effects of budgetary institutions. We conclude by briefly discussing policy implications.