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Biopolymers, such as proteins and nucleic acids have been subjected to a rational succession of structural studies in which the determination of chemical compositions, link­ ages, and sequences is followed by investigations of molecu­ lar architecture and interactions. By the end of the 1960s the covalent structures of glycosaminoglycans and proteo­ glycans had been defined both within the carbohydrate chains and in respect to their linkages to protein. The scene was therefore set for successful probing of three­ dimensional shapes and intermolecular associations. For­ tunately, during the 1970s appropriate physical methods were themselves greatly increasing in power. Consequently much progress has been made using X-ray diffraction anal­ ysis of hydrated films, nuclear magnetic resonance spectro­ scopy, and chromatographie methods for investigation of molecular interactions in solution. We now have a great deal of information about molecular shapes, their sensitiv­ ity to environment (especially associated cations), and their modes of interaction that could be relevant to super­ molecular assemblies in biological milieux. For these rea­ sons we judged that it would be timely to distil the main conclusions from this phase of research to prepare for the next, which will involve detailed study of the interplay be­ tween biological function and molecular structure. The idea for this volume emerged from a workshop meeting at Colworth sponsored by the Biochemical Society.
Biopolymers, such as proteins and nucleic acids have been subjected to a rational succession of structural studies in which the determination of chemical compositions, link­ ages, and sequences is followed by investigations of molecu­ lar architecture and interactions. By the end of the 1960s the covalent structures of glycosaminoglycans and proteo­ glycans had been defined both within the carbohydrate chains and in respect to their linkages to protein. The scene was therefore set for successful probing of three­ dimensional shapes and intermolecular associations. For­ tunately, during the 1970s appropriate physical methods were themselves greatly increasing in power. Consequently much progress has been made using X-ray diffraction anal­ ysis of hydrated films, nuclear magnetic resonance spectro­ scopy, and chromatographie methods for investigation of molecular interactions in solution. We now have a great deal of information about molecular shapes, their sensitiv­ ity to environment (especially associated cations), and their modes of interaction that could be relevant to super­ molecular assemblies in biological milieux. For these rea­ sons we judged that it would be timely to distil the main conclusions from this phase of research to prepare for the next, which will involve detailed study of the interplay be­ tween biological function and molecular structure. The idea for this volume emerged from a workshop meeting at Colworth sponsored by the Biochemical Society.
Knowledge of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is essential to understand cellular differentiation, tissue development, and tissue remodeling. This volume of the series “Biology of Extracellular Matrix” provides a timely overview of the structure, regulation, and function of the major macromolecules that make up the extracellular matrix. It covers topics such as collagen types and assembly of collagen-containing suprastructures, basement membrane, fibronectin and other cell-adhesive glycoproteins, proteoglycans, microfibrils, elastin, fibulins and matricellular proteins, such as thrombospondin. It also explores the concept that ECM components together with their cell surface receptors can be viewed as intricate nano-devices that allow cells to physically organize their 3-D-environment. Further, the role of the ECM in human disease and pathogenesis is discussed as well as the use of model organisms in elucidating ECM function.
Structure and Function of the Extracellular Matrix: A Multiscale Quantitative Approach introduces biomechanics and biophysics with applications to understand the biological function of the extracellular matrix in health and disease. A general multiscale approach is followed by investigating behavior from the scale of single molecules, through fibrils and fibers, to tissues of various organ systems. Through mathematical models and structural information, quantitative description of the extracellular matrix function is derived with tissue specific details. The book introduces the properties and organization of extracellular matrix components and quantitative models of the matrix, and guides the reader through predicting functional properties. This book integrates evolutionary biology with multiscale structure to quantitatively understand the function of the extracellular matrix. This approach allows a fresh look into normal functioning as well as the pathological alterations of the extracellular matrix. Professor Suki's book is written to be useful to undergraduates, graduate students, and researchers interested in the quantitative aspects of the extracellular matrix. Researchers working in mechanotransduction, respiratory and cardiovascular mechanics, and multiscale biomechanics of tendon, cartilage, skin, and bone may also be interested in this book. - Examines the evolutionary origins and consequences of the extracellular matrix - Delivers the first book to quantitatively treat the extracellular matrix as a multiscale system - Presents problems and a set of computational laboratory projects in various chapters to aid teaching and learning - Provides an introduction to the properties and organization of the extracellular matrix components
This book vividly describes how complex and integrated movements can arise from the properties and behaviors of biological molecules. It provides a uniquely integrated account in which the latest findings from biophysics and molecular biology are put into the context of living cells. This second edition is updated throughout with recent advances in the field and has a completely revised and redrawn art program. The text is suitable for advanced undergraduates, graduate students, and for professionals wishing for an overview of this field.
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an ensemble of non-cellular components present within all tissues and organs of the human body. The ECM provides structural support for scaffolding cellular constituents and biochemical and biomechanical support for those events leading to tissue morphogenesis, differentiation and homeostasis. Essential components of all ECMs are water, proteins and polysaccharides. However, their composition, architecture and bioactivity greatly vary from tissue to tissue in relation to the specific role the ECM is required to assume. This book overviews the role of the ECM in different tissues and organs of the human body.
The evolution of single cells into multicellular organisms was mediated, in large part, by the extracellular matrix. The proteins and glycoconjugates that make up the extracellular matrix provide structural support to cellular complexes, facilitate cell adhesion and migration, and impart mechanical properties that are important for tissue function. Each class of ECM macromolecule has evolved to incorporate distinctive properties that are defined by conserved modules that are mixed together to achieve appropriate function. This volume provides a comprehensive analysis of how the major ECM components evolved over time in order to fill their specific roles found in modern organisms. The major focus is on the structural matrix proteins, matricellular proteins, and more complex ECM structures such as basement membranes. Adhesive proteins and their receptors are also discussed.