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Prefabricated housing is a pressing issue--for those looking for affordable homes as well as for refugees fleeing wars or natural disasters. In common with politicians, architects were caught unawares by the largest wave of migration since the end of the Second World War. However, are tent cities and containers the best solution for cheap, dignified, and quickly assembled accommodation for displaced persons? This challenging situation, along with the changing urban landscape, with its ever diminishing space, calls into question existing standards in relation to serial housing. Bold and unconventional ideas are called for if architects are to offer high-quality solutions. From eccentric experiments all the way to projects that have already been realized, international design teams present their work between the twin poles of unconventional developments and life-saving shelters in this volume spanning more than 250 pages. Introduced with articles on design principles, and divided into three sections according to the form the structures take when delivered - cuboid, panels and custom units - the book covers everything from playful follies to architectural constructions for the homeless and out­patient medical stations which offer a response to social problems and space shortages. The text, photographs and plans put forward ideas as to how more can be done than the mere assembling of containers. Should we not first consider notions bordering on the absurd in order to come up with workable solutions for housing today?
In the present book, we have put together the basic theory of the units and cuspidal divisor class group in the modular function fields, developed over the past few years. Let i) be the upper half plane, and N a positive integer. Let r(N) be the subgroup of SL (Z) consisting of those matrices == 1 mod N. Then r(N)\i) 2 is complex analytic isomorphic to an affine curve YeN), whose compactifi cation is called the modular curve X(N). The affine ring of regular functions on yeN) over C is the integral closure of C[j] in the function field of X(N) over C. Here j is the classical modular function. However, for arithmetic applications, one considers the curve as defined over the cyclotomic field Q(JlN) of N-th roots of unity, and one takes the integral closure either of Q[j] or Z[j], depending on how much arithmetic one wants to throw in. The units in these rings consist of those modular functions which have no zeros or poles in the upper half plane. The points of X(N) which lie at infinity, that is which do not correspond to points on the above affine set, are called the cusps, because of the way they look in a fundamental domain in the upper half plane. They generate a subgroup of the divisor class group, which turns out to be finite, and is called the cuspidal divisor class group.
Modular construction can dramatically improve efficiency in construction, through factory production of pre-engineered building units and their delivery to the site either as entire buildings or as substantial elements. The required technology and application are developing rapidly, but design is still in its infancy. Good design requires a knowledge of modular production, installation and interface issues and also an understanding of the economics and client-related benefits which influence design decisions. Looking at eight recent projects, along with background information, this guide gives you coverage of: generic types of module and their application vertical loading, stability and robustness dimensional and spacial planning hybrid construction cladding, services and building physics fire safety and thermal and acoustic performance logistical aspects – such as transport, tolerances and safe installation. A valuable guide for professionals and a thorough introduction for advanced students.
The practical, comprehensive handbook to creating effective architectural drawings In one beautifully illustrated volume, The Professional Practice of Architectural Working Drawings presents the full range of skills, concepts, principles, and applications needed to create a full set of architectural working drawings. This new Third Edition emphasizes the importance of communicating general design concepts through specific working drawings. Chapters proceed logically through each stage of development, beginning with site and foundation plans and progressing to elevations, building sections, and other drawings. New features of this Third Edition include: Coverage of the latest CAD technologies and techniques Environmental and human design considerations Supplemental step-by-step instructions for complex chapters Ten case studies, including five fully evolved case studies Hundreds of additional computer-generated drawings and photographs, including three-dimensional models and full-size buildings shown in virtual space Tips for establishing a strategy for developing construction documents This new edition also presents completely updated material on metric conversions, code analysis, masonry, and steel. Sets of working drawings for five different buildings are followed layer by layer from design concept through the finished construction documents. A companion Web site (www.wiley.com/go/wakita) includes summaries for each chapter, a glossary, review questions, laboratory problems, access to dozens of CAD drawings, a complete study guide, and much more. The Professional Practice of Architectural Working Drawings, Third Edition is an invaluable book for students in architecture, construction, engineering, interior design, and environmental design programs, as well as beginning professionals in these fields.
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