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Modern Petrochemical Technology A text that explores the essence of petrochemicals and petrochemical technology Modern Petrochemical Technology: Methods, Manufacturing and Applications is a comprehensive resource that provides an overview of the uses for common petrochemical building blocks, a review of the marketplaces, and offers a survey of the technology used to make the key petrochemical building blocks. The book contains both critical information the technologies used to produce petrochemicals, how the various petrochemicals are applied in industry, and provides illustrative examples and problems designed to reinforce the learning about the basic science, engineering, and use of petrochemicals. The book explores three seprate petrochemical building block—olefin complexes, aromatic complexes and synthesis gas complexes—and examines the “interconnected” nature of these building blocks. The authors also include information on the olefins productions using steam cracking, paraffin dehydrogenation, and methanol to olefins technologies and describes various methods, commercial processes to produce aromatics such as benzene, toluene and xylene, and much more. This important book: Offers a guide to the critical information on petrochemical producing technologies Includes material on various petrochemicals from the industrial point-of-view Explores the separation processes, membrane technology, absorption technology, liquid-liquid extraction, and more Contains material from a team of noted experts Provides a survey of examples of commercialization applications of petrochemicals Written for chemical engineers, chemists in industry, membrane scientists, and process engineers, Modern Petrochemical Technology provides an overview of markets and uses for common petrochemical building blocks as well as includes a survey of the technology used to make the key petrochemical building blocks.
A GUIDE TO THE DESIGN, OPERATION, CONTROL, TROUBLESHOOTING, OPTIMIZATION AS WELL AS THE RECENT ADVANCES IN THE FIELD OF PETROCHEMICAL PROCESSES Efficient Petrochemical Processes: Technology, Design and Operation is a guide to the tools and methods for energy optimization and process design. Written by a panel of experts on the topic, the book highlights the application of these methods on petrochemical technology such as the aromatics process unit. The authors describe practical approaches and tools that focus on improving industrial energy efficiency, reducing capital investment, and optimizing yields through better design, operation, and optimization. The text is divided into sections that cover the range of essential topics: petrochemical technology description; process design considerations; reaction and separation design; process integration; process system optimization; types of revamps; equipment assessment; common operating issues; and troubleshooting case analysis. This important book: Provides the basic knowledge related to fundamentals, design, and operation for petrochemical processes Applies process integration techniques and optimization techniques that improve process design and operations in the petrochemical process Provides practical methods and tools for industrial practitioners Puts the focus on improving industrial energy efficiency, reducing capital investment, and optimizing yields Contains information on the most recent advances in the field. Written for managers, engineers, and operators working in process industries as well as university students, Efficient Petrochemical Processes: Technology, Design and Operation explains the most recent advances in the field of petrochemical processes and discusses in detail catalytic and adsorbent materials, reaction and separation mechanisms.
A comprehensive textbook on petrochemical conversion processes for petroleum and natural gas fractions as produced by refinery operations This innovative textbook provides essential links between the chemical sciences and chemical technology, between petrochemistry and hydrocarbon technology. The book brings alive key concepts forming the basis of chemical technology and presents a solid background for innovative process development. In all chapters, the processes described are accompanied by simplified flow schemes, encouraging students to think in terms of conceptual process designs. Petrochemistry: Petrochemical Processing, Hydrocarbon Technology and Green Engineering introduces students to a variety of topics related to the petrochemical industry, hydrocarbon processing, fossil fuel resources, as well as fuels and chemicals conversion. The first chapter covers the fundamentals and principals for designing several of the processes in the book, including discussions on thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, reactor calculations, and industrial catalysts. The following chapters address recent advances in hydrocarbon technology, energy technology, and sources of hydrocarbons. The book then goes on to discuss the petrochemical industry based on four basic pillars, all derived from petroleum and natural gas: Production of lower alkenes; other sources of lower alkenes; petrochemicals from C2-C3 alkenes Production of BTX aromatics; chemicals from BTX aromatics C1 technology Diversification of petrochemicals The growing importance of sustainable technology, process intensification and addressing greenhouse gas emissions is reflected throughout the book. Written for advanced students working in the areas of petrochemistry, hydrocarbon technology, natural gas, energy materials and technologies, alternative fuels, and recycling technologies the book is also a valuable reference for industrial practitioners in the oil and gas industry.
In Chemistry of Petrochemical Processes, readers find a handy and valuable source of information containing insights into petrochemical reactions and products, process technology, and polymer synthesis. The book reviews and describes the reactions and processes involved in transforming petroleum-based hydrocarbons into the chemicals that form the basis of the multi-billion dollar petrochemical industry. In addition, the book includes information on new process developments for the production of raw materials and intermediates for petrochemicals that have surfaced since the book's first edition. - Provides a quick understanding of the chemical reactions associated with oil and gas processing - Contains insights into petrochemical reactions and products, process technology, and polymer synthesis
As feedstocks to refineries change, there must be an accompanying change in refinery technology. This means a movement from conventional means of refining heavy feedstocks using (typically) coking technologies to more innovative processes that will coax the last drips of liquid fuels from the feedstock. This book presents the evolution of refinery processes during the last century and as well as the means by which refinery processes will evolve during the next three-to-five decades. Chapters contain material relevant to (1) comparisons of current feedstocks with heavy oil and bio-feedstocks; (2) evolution of refineries since the 1950s, (3) properties and refinability of heavy oil and bio-feedstocks, (4) thermal processes vs. hydroprocesses, and (5) evolution of products to match the environmental market. Process innovations that have influenced refinery processing over the past three decades are presented, as well as the relevant patents that have the potential for incorporation into future refineries.• Comparison of current feedstocks with heavy oil and bio-feedstocks. • Evolution of refineries over the past three decades. • Properties and refinability of heavy oil and bio-feedstocks. • Thermal processes vs. Hydroprocesses. • Evolution of products to match the environmental market. - Investigates the engineering and plant design challenges presented by heavy oil and bio-feedstocks - Explores the legislatory and regulatory climate, including increasingly stringent environmental requirements - Examines the trade-offs of thermal processes vs. hydroprocesses
Modern Petrochemicals Ali El-Shekeil, Professor of Chemistry, Sana'a University, Yemen The modern petrochemical industry is a universal key industry. Petroleum supplied a great starting material that is characterized by cheap price, availability in huge quantities, ease of transport, diversity of products and uses besides the production of many feedstocks for the petrochemical industries. The petrochemical products reached all the applications of the modern citizen to the extent that it seems impossible to imagine living without them. They dominated all aspects of civilized life including building and structure, transportation, textiles and clothing, food, agriculture, industry and the everyday use. They introduced excellent alternatives to some natural materials such as cotton, wool and natural rubber, in massive quantities with extremely low prices and superior specifications. This book is designed to study the chemistry and technology of the primary petrochemicals: ethylene, propylene, butadiene and butenes, benzene, toluene and xylenes, together with methanol. These are the main bricks in the petrochemical industry from which hundreds of intermediate petrochemicals are made. The intermediate petrochemicals can be reacted to give the performance or end use petrochemicals. The book presents a clear concise view of the chemistry of modern petrochemicals, its structure and the interaction between petrochemical industry, oil industry and the overall chemical and technological processes. The modern petrochemical processes are discussed precisely with the emphasis on the technology and economy including data on annual capacities, uses and applications. The author has been successfully teaching this course in petrochemicals at the Faculty of Science, The University of Sana'a, Yemen, since 1980 and providing technical consultation in petroleum and petrochemical industry for the local community and the whole region. Readership: Graduate and undergraduate students in universities and polytechnics studying chemistry, applied chemistry, chemical engineering and related topics. Chemists and chemical engineers in industry worldwide, especially those concerned with the petrochemical and oil industries, together with students and teachers in technical institutes and colleges of chemistry.
Fundamentals of Petroleum Refining presents the fundamentals of thermodynamics and kinetics, and it explains the scientific background essential for understanding refinery operations. The text also provides a detailed introduction to refinery engineering topics, ranging from the basic principles and unit operations to overall refinery economics. The book covers important topics, such as clean fuels, gasification, biofuels, and environmental impact of refining, which are not commonly discussed in most refinery textbooks. Throughout the source, problem sets and examples are given to help the reader practice and apply the fundamental principles of refining. Chapters 1-10 can be used as core materials for teaching undergraduate courses. The first two chapters present an introduction to the petroleum refining industry and then focus on feedstocks and products. Thermophysical properties of crude oils and petroleum fractions, including processes of atmospheric and vacuum distillations, are discussed in Chapters 3 and 4. Conversion processes, product blending, and alkylation are covered in chapters 5-10. The remaining chapters discuss hydrogen production, clean fuel production, refining economics and safety, acid gas treatment and removal, and methods for environmental and effluent treatments. This source can serve both professionals and students (on undergraduate and graduate levels) of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Chemistry, and Chemical Technology. Beginners in the engineering field, specifically in the oil and gas industry, may also find this book invaluable. - Provides balanced coverage of fundamental and operational topics - Includes spreadsheets and process simulators for showing trends and simulation case studies - Relates processing to planning and management to give an integrated picture of refining
UK. Report of a committee inquiring into and commenting on the adequacy of labour legislation relating to occupational safety and occupational health - covers labour inspection, sanctions, safety, radiation protection, precautions against fire, noise and poisonous substances, administrative aspects of occupational medicine, safety training, research, employment accident benefits, etc., and stresses the need for more management initiatives and more involvement of workpeople themselves. Bibliography pp. 216 to 218 and statistical tables.