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This volume of Modern Aspects covers a wide spread of topics presented in an authoritative, informative and instructive manner by some internationally renowned specialists. Professors Politzer and Dr. Murray provide a comprehensive description of the various theoretical treatments of solute-solvent interactions, including ion-solvent interactions. Both continuum and discrete molecular models for the solvent molecules are discussed, including Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations. The advantages and drawbacks of the resulting models and computational approaches are discussed and the impressive progress made in predicting the properties of molecular and ionic solutions is surveyed. The fundamental and applied electrochemistry of the silicon/electrolyte interface is presented in an authoritative review by Dr. Gregory Zhang, with emphasis in the preparation of porous silicon, a material of significant technological interest, via anodic dissolution of monocrystalline Si. The chapter shows eloquently how fundamental electrokinetic principles can be utilized to obtain the desired product morphology. Markov chains theory provides a powerful tool for modeling several important processes in electrochemistry and electrochemical engineering, including electrode kinetics, anodic deposit formation and deposit dissolution processes, electrolyzer and electrochemical reactors performance and even reliability of warning devices and repair of failed cells. The way this can be done using the elegant Markov chains theory is described in lucid manner by Professor Thomas Fahidy in a concise chapter which gives to the reader only the absolutely necessary mathematics and is rich in practical examples.
This volume in the acclaimed series Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry starts with a dedication to the late Professor Brian Conway who for 50 years helped to guide this series to its current prominence. The remainder of the volume is then devoted to the following topics: PEM fuel cells; the use of graphs in electrochemical reaction newtworks; nanomaterials in Lithium-ion batteries; direct methanolf fuel cells (two chapters); fuel cell catalyst layers. The book is for electrochemists, electrochemical engineers, fuel cell workers and energy generation workers.
Recognized experts present incisive analyses of both fundamental and applied problems in this continuation of a highly acclaimed series. Topics in Number 35 include: Impedance spectroscopy with specific applications to electrode processes involving hydrogen; Fundamentals and contemporary applications of electroless metal deposition; The development of computational electrochemistry and its application to electrochemical kinetics; Analysis of electrolyte solutions at high concentrations; Applications of the Born theory to solvent polarization by ions and its extensions to treatment of kinetics of ionic reactions. £/LIST£
Recognized experts present incisive analysis of both fundamental and applied problems in this continuation of a highly acclaimed series. Topics discussed include: A review of the literature on the potential-of-zero charge by Trasatti and Lust. A thorough review and discussion of nonequilibrium fluctuations in corrosion processes. A wide-ranging discussion of conducting polymers, electrochemistry, and biomimicking processes. Microwave (photo)electrochemistry, from its origins to today's research opportunities, including its relation to electrochemistry. New fluorine cell design, from model development through preliminary engineering modeling, laboratory tests, and pilot plant tests. A comprehensive account of the major and rapidly developing field of the electrochemistry of electronically conducting polymers and their applications. These authoritative studies will be invaluable for researchers in engineering, electrochemistry, analytical chemistry, materials science, physical chemistry, and corrosion science.
Despite reductions in the level of research activity in most fields which, for reasons of economic decline, have taken place in the U.S. during the last year or two, world progress in the fundamental aspects has continued actively. An important aspect of such recent work has been the use of nonaqueous solvents in studies on the constitution of the double-layer and electrochemical reactions. Interpretation of the behavior of electrode interfaces in such solvents demands more knowledge of the solvation properties of ions in nonaqueous media. Chapter 1 by Pad ova on "Ionic Solvation in Nonaqueous and Mixed Solvents" gives an up to date review of the present state of knowledge in this field, together with tabulations of data that are likely to be of quantitative value in further investigations of both homogeneous and heterogeneous electrochemistry in such media. Electrochemical studies of cathodic processes in nonaqueous solvents have, in recent years, revealed the role of solvated electrons. These are of interest in new approaches to reductive electro-organic synthesis. Similarly, the generation of hydrated electrons in photo cathodic processes is of great interest. In Chapter 2, by Conway, the conditions under which solvated electrons can arise in electrode processes are critically examined and the electro-organic reactions that hwe been investigated are reviewed. The supposed electro generation of hydrated electrons in the water solvent and as inter mediates in cathodic hydrogen evolution is shown to be unlikely.
As the subject of electrochemistry moves into the final quarter of the century, a number of developed areas can be assessed in depth while some new areas provide quantitatively and qualitatively novel data and results. The first chapter, by Kebarle, deals with an example of the latter type of field in which new information of the energetics and equilibria of reactions between ions and solvent molecules is studied in the gas phase and provides interesting basic information for treatments of ions in solution, i.e., ionic solvation. Chapter 2, by Hamann, discusses the behavior of electrolyte solutions under high pressures, a matter of intrinsic interest in relation to ion-solvent interaction and the structural aspects of the properties of ionic solutions, especially in water. This topic is also of current interest with regard to the physical chemistry of the marine environment, especially at great depths. In the article by Bloom and Snook (Chapter 3), models for treatments of molten salt systems are examined quantitatively in relation to the structure of molten ionic liquids and to the statistical mechanical approaches that can be meaningfully made to interpret their properties and electrochemical behavior.
This volume contains eight chapters covering a wide range of topics: ultrasonic vibration potentials, impedance measurements, photo electrochemical kinetics, chlorine production, electrochemical behavior of titanium, structural properties of membranes, bioelec troche mistry, and small-particle effects for electrocatalysis. Chapter 1, contributed by Zana and Yeager, discusses the little used but potentially important area of ultrasonic vibration potentials. The authors review the historical literature and the associated theoretical equations. They continue by discussing various aspects of the experimental technique and close with a review of the existing studies. They conclude by noting that vibra tion potentials may be useful for determining the effects of various agents on colloidal suspensions found in such important industries as paper production. Chapter 2 is a review of impedance techniques, written by Macdonald and McKubre. The authors include not only derivations of various impedance functions for electrochemical systems but also particularly useful discussions of instrumental methods. The authors close with an interesting claim: "the distribution of current and potential within a porous battery or fuel-cell electrode and within 'flow-through' electrodes is best analyzed in terms of the frequency dispersion of the impedance." Chapter 3, by Khan and Bockris, is a timely review of photo electrochemical kinetics and related devices. Their work begins by reviewing critically important papers on photoelectrochemical kinetics. They continue by presenting detailed discussions concern ing the conceptual ideas of the semiconductor-solution interface.
In the last decade, the evolution of electrochemistry away from concern with the physical chemistry of solutions to its more fruitful goal in the study of the widespread consequences of the transfer of electric charges across interphases has come to fruition. The turning of technology away from an onward rush, regardless, to progress which takes into account repercussions of techno logical activity on the environment, and the consequent need for a reduction and then termination of the injection of CO into 2 the atmosphere (greenhouse effect), together with a reckoning with air and water pollution in general, ensures a long-term need for advances in a basic knowledge of electrochemical systems, an increased technological use of which seems to arise from the environmental necessities. But a mighty change in attitude needs to spread among electro chemists (indeed, among all surface chemists) concerning the terms and level in which their field is discussed. The treatment of charge transfer reactions has often been made too vaguely, in terms, it seemed, of atom transfer, with the electron-transfer step, the essence of electrochemistry, an implied accompaniment to the transfer of ions across electrical double layers. The treatment has been in terms of classical mechanics, only tenable while inadequate questions were asked concerning the behavior of the electron in the interfacial transfer. No process demands a more exclusively quantal discussion than does electron transfer.
Volume 41 of the prominent series Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry covers a range of topics in Electrochemistry and Electrochemical Engineering. The topics include the second chapter on the survey of experimental techniques and devices of solid state electrochemistry begun by Professor Joachim Maier in Volume 39. Chapter two contains a review of synthesis and characterization of nanoporous carbons and their electrochemical applications. The next chapter reviews and discusses the use of graphs in the study of chemical reaction network. The book also reviews and discusses mathematical models of three dimensional electrode structures.
No. 28 of this highly regarded series explores the fundamental and applied aspects of electrochemical science. This volume features two detailed studies on the rapidly developing field of electrochemical surface science.