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This volume builds upon the successful book Lanthanide Luminescence published in the Springer Series on Fluorescence in 2011. Since its publication, the field of lanthanide spectroscopy and the areas in which the light emission properties of the f-elements are used have experienced substantial advances. The luminescence properties of lanthanide ions make them unique candidates for a myriad of optical applications. This book highlights and reviews the latest research in areas ranging from luminescence thermometry to imaging, sensing and photonic applications of these fascinating elements. Each chapter provides a comprehensive introduction to a specific area of application of lanthanide luminescence and extensively reviews seminal papers and current research literature. Given its interdisciplinary scope, the book appeals to scientists and advanced students in physics, chemistry and materials science interested in compounds and materials with optical properties.
Lanthanides have fascinated scientists for more than two centuries now, and since efficient separation techniques were established roughly 50 years ago, they have increasingly found their way into industrial exploitation and our everyday lives. Numerous applications are based on their unique luminescent properties, which are highlighted in this volume. It presents established knowledge about the photophysical basics, relevant lanthanide probes or materials, and describes instrumentation-related aspects including chemical and physical sensors. The uses of lanthanides in bioanalysis and medicine are outlined, such as assays for in vitro diagnostics and research. All chapters were compiled by renowned scientists with a broad audience in mind, providing both beginners in the field and advanced researchers with comprehensive information on on the given subject.
This comprehensive book presents the theoretical principles, current applications and latest research developments in the field of luminescent lanthanide complexes; a rapidly developing area of research which is attracting increasing interest amongst the scientific community. Luminescence of Lanthanide Ions in Coordination Compounds and Nanomaterials begins with an introduction to the basic theoretical and practical aspects of lanthanide ion luminescence, and the spectroscopic techniques used to evaluate the efficiency of luminescence. Subsequent chapters introduce a variety of different applications including: • Circularly polarized luminescence • Luminescence bioimaging with lanthanide complexes • Two-photon absorption of lanthanide complexes • Chemosensors • Upconversion luminescence • Excitation spectroscopy • Heterometallic complexes containing lanthanides Each chapter presents a detailed introduction to the application, followed by a description of experimental techniques specific to the area and an extensive review of recent literature. This book is a valuable introduction to the literature for scientists new to the field, as well as providing the more experienced researcher with a comprehensive resource covering the most relevant information in the field; a ‘one stop shop’ for all key references.
This thesis deals with strongly luminescent lanthanide complexes having novel coordination structures. Luminescent lanthanide complexes are promising candidates as active materials for EL devices, lasers, and bio-sensing applications. The organic ligands in lanthanide complexes control geometrical and vibrational frequency structures that are closely related to the luminescent properties. In most of the previous work, however, lanthanide complexes have high-vibrational frequency C–H units close to the metal center for radiationless transition. In this thesis, the luminescent properties of lanthanide complexes with low-vibrational frequency C–F and P=O units are elucidated in terms of geometrical, vibrational, and chemical structures. The author also describes lanthanide coordination polymers with both high thermal stability (decomposition point > 300°C) and strong-luminescent properties (emission quantum yield > 80%). The author believes that novel studies on the characteristic structures and photophysical properties of lanthanide complexes may open up a frontier field in photophysical, coordination and material chemistry.
Ligand-sensitized luminescent lanthanide(III) complexes are of considerable current interest due to their unique photophysical properties (micro- to millisecond lifetimes, characteristic and narrow emission bands, and large Stokes shifts), which make them well suited to serve as labels in fluorescence-based bioassays. The long-lived Ln(III) emission can be temporally resolved from scattered light and background fluorescence, resulting in vastly enhanced measurement sensitivity. One of the challenges in this field is the design of sensitizing ligands that provide highly emissive Ln(III) complexes that also possess sufficient stability and aqueous solubility required for practical applications. In this account we give an overview of some of the general properties of the trivalent lanthanides and follow with a summary of advances made in our laboratory in the development of highly luminescent Tb(III) and Eu(III) complexes for applications in biotechnology. A focus of our research has been the optimization of these compounds as potential commercial agents for use in Homogeneous Time Resolved Fluorescence (HTRF) technology, the requirements and current use of which will be briefly discussed. Our approach involves developing high-stability octadentate Tb(III) and Eu(III) complexes that rely on all-oxygen donor atoms as well as using multi-chromophore chelates to increase molar absorptivity compared to earlier examples that utilize a single pendant antenna chromophore. We have found that ligands based on 2-hydroxyisophthalamide (IAM) provide exceptionally emissive Tb(III) complexes with quantum yield values up to ca. 60%. Solution thermodynamic studies have indicated that these complexes are stable at the nanomolar concentrations required for commercial assays. Through synthetic modification of the IAM-chromophore, in conjunction with time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations, we have developed a method to predict absorption and emission properties of these chromophores as a tool to guide ligand design. Additionally we have investigated chiral IAM ligands that yield Tb(III) complexes possessing both high quantum yield values and strong circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) activity. To efficiently sensitize Eu(III) emission, we have utilized ligands based on the 1-hydroxypyridin-2-one (1,2-HOPO) chelate, which are remarkable since they combine both excellent photophysical properties in addition to exceptional aqueous stabilities. A more compete understanding of this chromophore has been achieved by combining low temperature phosphorescence measurements with the same TD-DFT approach used with the IAM system. Also, Eu(III) complexes with strong CPL activity have been obtained through preparation of chiral 1,2-HOPO ligands. Using the unique spectroscopic properties of Eu(III), we have also undertaken the kinetic analysis of radiative and non-radiative decay pathways for a series of complexes, which has highlighted the importance of the metal ion symmetry on the ensuing photophysical properties. Lastly, the commercial development of a Tb-IAM compound that offers improved performance in the common HTRF platform and has the potential to vastly improve the sensitivity of measurements carried out using this technique is presented.
Modulating the spectroscopic overlap between the emission bands of donors and the absorption spectra of acceptors by various simulations, it is possible to systematically investigate the emission behaviors of lanthanide complexes under different conditions. To establish the relationships between emission behaviors and various external simulations, it is necessary to study the energy transfer rate and efficiency between the donor and acceptor under different conditions to clarify the luminescent mechanism of the complexes, providing a theoretical basis for high-performance smart materials. This review focuses on the recent progress of luminescence performance of lanthanide complexes, including energy transfer mechanisms, emission color modulation, the strategies for optimizing lanthanide luminescence, and finally, various applications based on luminescence performance of lanthanide complexes and lanthanide metal-organic frameworks.
In this, the only up-to-date book on this key technology, the number-one expert in the field perfectly blends academic knowledge and industrial applications. Adopting a didactical approach, Professor Ronda discusses all the underlying principles, such that both researchers as well as beginners in the field will profit from this book. The focus is on the inorganic side and the phenomena of luminescence behind the manifold applications illustrated here, including displays, LEDs, lamps, and medical applications. Valuable reading for chemists and electrochemists, as well as materials scientists, those working in the optical and chemical industry, plus lamp and lighting manufacturers.
This book provides the reader with an updated comprehensive view of the rapidly developing and fascinating field of fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy. In recent years, fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy have experienced rapid technological development, which has enabled the detection and monitoring of single molecules with high spatial and temporal resolution. Thanks to these developments, fluorescence has become an even more popular method in physical, biological and related fields. This book guides the reader through both basic and advanced fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy approaches with a focus on their applications in membrane and protein biophysics. Each of the four parts: A - Fluorescence Spectroscopy, B - Fluorescence Microscopy, C - Applications of Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Microscopy to biological membranes and D - Applications of Fluorescence Spectroscopy to protein studies are written by experts within the field. The book is intended for both complete beginners who want to quickly orient themselves in the large number of existing fluorescent methods, as well as for advanced readers who are interested in particular methods and their proper use.