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Installation effects in geotechnical engineering contains the proceedings of the International Conference on Installation Effects in Geotechnical Engineering (Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 24-27 March 2013), the closing conference of GEO-INSTALL (FP7/2007-2013, PIAG-GA-2009-230638), an Industry-Academia Pathways and Partnerships project funded by the
This book gathers a selection of refereed papers presented at the 2nd Vietnam Symposium on Advances in Offshore Engineering (VSOE 2021), held in 2022 in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The book consists of articles written by researchers, practitioners, policymakers, and entrepreneurs addressing the important topic of technological and policy changes intended to promote renewable energies and to generate business opportunities in oil and gas and offshore renewable energy. With a special focus on sustainable energy and marine planning, the book brings together the latest lessons learned in offshore engineering, technological innovations, cost-effective and safer foundations and structural solutions, environmental protection, hazards, vulnerability, and risk management. Its content caters to graduate students, researchers, and industrial practitioners working in the fields of offshore engineering and renewable energies.
Centrifuge model testing plays an important role in investigations of the bearing behavior of pile groups and its underlying mechanisms, for which pile installation simulation is a key issue. Centrifuge model tests were conducted to analyze the effect of different pile installation simulation methods, namely traditional installation at 1 g and in-flight installation at 50 g. Compared to the traditional method, the in-flight pile installation induces two effects: the deformation effect, in which the neighboring soil is made denser, and the shielding effect, in which the existing piles influence the deformation and pore pressure of the neighboring soil. Thus, the limit-bearing capacity and corresponding settlement of the pile group using the in-flight pile installation method are significantly greater, and the deformation and excess pore pressure of the soil near piles are smaller. The traditional pile installation method obtains unrealistic responses of pile groups because it cannot adequately simulate these effects.
It has become increasingly important, particularly in an urban environment, to predict soil behaviour and to confine the settlement or deformation of buildings adjacent to construction sites. One important factor is the choice of construction procedure for the installation of piles, sheet pile walls, anchors or for soil improvement techniques, ground freezing and tunnelling methods. The modelling of construction processes, which are frequently associated with large deformations of the soil and with strong changes in the structure of the soil around the construction plant, in the case of, for example, a drill, a bit, a vibrator, or an excavation tool, requires sophisticated and new methods in numerical modelling. Often the simulation of the construction procedure is neglected in the calculations. Such methods are described and discussed in this book, as are examples of the methods applied to geotechnical practice, field and laboratory testing as well as case studies. This volume provides a valuable source of reference for scientists in geotechnical engineering and numerical modelling, geotechnical engineers, post graduate students, construction companies and consultants, manufacturers of geotechnical construction plants and software suppliers and developers of geotechnical construction methods.
This research study focuses on modeling pile setup for closed-ended pipe piles (CEP) driven in cohesive soils. Pile setup can be defined as an increase in pile resistance over time after installation due to an increase in soil resistance. Pile setup was rarely considered in the Ohio Department of Transportation, ODOT, standard driven pile design procedures. If significant pile driving losses occur during pile installation, either pile driving is halted for a short period of time to determine whether pile setup will occur, or pile length is increased to achieve the required ultimate bearing value. This would negatively affect not only the piling and projects costs, but also the project schedule. Thus, incorporating pile setup into the design stage can lead to saving in pile quantity and avoid construction delays, as well as help to avoid change orders. In order to better predict pile driving losses during design stage, this research project aimed to develop more reliable pile setup models. To fulfill the objectives of this research, a database was established to collect data from existing projects in the State of Ohio. In addition, several field projects were selected to investigate the pile setup phenomenon. Comprehensive statistical analyses were conducted to investigate the mechanism of pile setup. Effect of the construction activities on the resistance of adjacent piles was also investigated by performing dynamic and static load tests on CEP piles driven in a fine-grained soil profile. The cone penetration tests (CPT) were performed at three locations at the project sites to gain more knowledge of the soil layers. Data obtained from piezometer measurements showed an increase in water pressure at the site during pile driving, which in turn reduced the effective soil strength. This investigation revealed that pile driving and restrikes should be scheduled such that the effect of construction activities on load tests results will be avoided or minimized. This could be implemented by conducting the dynamic load test on the first pile driven at a site and avoiding any construction activities until after the time of the restrike. The effect of construction activities on the resistances of adjacent piles was observed at distances of seven times the pile diameter. The results also indicated that silty clay soil exhibits higher setup than other soil types encountered at the project site. Side and tip resistances obtained from the static load tests were compared with estimates made using well-known CPT-based pile design methods. Overall, these methods achieved satisfactory predictions of the side and tip resistances with some exceptions. Multiple variable regression analyses performed by using the dataset compiled showed that the resistance mobilized at the end of pile installation, time passed after the installation, pile shaft surface area, and average silt content along the pile length are the most influential parameters in predicting the total pile resistance of driven piles. Multiple regression analyses were also carried out by using the collected database of side resistance demonstrated that initial side resistance, time passed since installation, soil volume displaced, clay and water contents along the pile length are the significant variables on predicting pile side resistance. New models for total and side resistances were developed to predict pile setup for CEP piles driven in fine-grained soils using gene expression programming (GEP). The results showed that the proposed models of pile total and side resistances can predict pile setup quite well. An attempt to evaluate the setup, for both total and side resistances, with time using the database has been made. The total and side setup ratios were also analyzed based on various restrike times. Since the database contains piles with multiple restrikes, another analysis was carried out to evaluate the ultimate total and side setup ratios. One of the main goals of this research was to evaluate pile side setup for individual layers using the unit side resistance with the aid of available dynamic load test data. Effect of soil properties on setup ratios for individual soil layers was also investigated. The results revealed that the recommended setup factor for the pile total and side setup ratios of 2.0 and 3.0, respectively, would cover almost all the piles' long term behavior. The results also showed that side friction setup factors for the piles driven in fine-grained Ohio soils are about 50 to 100% more than the factors currently recommended in the ODOT Bridge Design Manual.
This book results from the 7th ICPMG meeting in Zurich 2010 and covers a broad range of aspects of physical modelling in geotechnics, linking across to other modelling techniques to consider the entire spectrum required in providing innovative geotechnical engineering solutions.Topics presented at the conference:Soil - Structure - Interaction;