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RAND evaluated a terrorism risk modeling tool developed by the Transportation Security Administration and Boeing to help guide program planning for aviation security. This tool, the Risk Management Analysis Tool, or RMAT, is used by TSA to estimate the terrorism risk-reduction benefits attributable to new and existing security programs, technologies, and procedures. RMAT simulates terrorist behavior and success in attacking vulnerabilities in the domestic commercial air transportation system, drawing on estimates of terrorist resources, capabilities, preferences, decision processes, intelligence collection, and operational planning. It describes how the layers of security protecting the air transportation system are likely to perform when confronted by more than 60 types of attacks, drawing on detailed blast and other physical modeling to understand the damage produced by different weapons and attacks, and calculating expected loss of life and the direct and indirect economic consequences of that damage. This report describes RAND's conclusions about the validity of RMAT for TSA's intended uses and its recommendations for how TSA should perform cost-benefit analyses of its security programs.
Making aviation security more cost-effective is hampered by considerable uncertainty about the terrorist threat, security system performance, and the costs of security measures. This volume focuses on exploring ways to inform decisionmaking despite such uncertainties, providing a set of analyses that help fill some of the current gaps in the assessment of the costs, benefits, and efficiency of aviation security measures and strategies.
This book explores the central problems underlying the insurance of aviation war and terrorism risks and associated perils. It critically analyses the reasons why conventional insurance markets are unwilling or unable to provide sustainable insurance coverage for aviation war and terrorism risks in the aftermath of catastrophic events such as the terrorist events of September 11, 2001. It also examines some of the prominent concepts proposed and/or implemented after 9/11 to determine whether and to what extent these concepts avoid identified pitfalls. Like many of life’s essentials, the importance of insurance is most evident when it is not available. The sheer scale and magnitude of the insurance losses that followed 9/11 caused conventional insurance markets (which hitherto had been offering generous insurance coverage for aviation war and terrorism risks to air transport operators for little or no premium) to withdraw coverage forthwith. The ensuing absence or insufficiency of commercial insurance coverage for aviation war and terrorism risks has sparked a global search for viable and sustainable alternatives. Ten years have since elapsed, and despite numerous efforts, the fundamental problems remain unresolved. The book proceeds on the premise that the underlying issues are not entirely legal in nature; they have immense economic, psychological and policy implications that cannot be underestimated. A multidisciplinary approach is therefore used in examining the issues, drawing heavily upon analytical principles adapted from law and economics and behavioural law and economics. It is hoped that the resulting study will be beneficial not only to lawyers and those interested in aviation insurance but also to economists, air transport insurance program managers, capital market investors and governmental policymakers, both at the national and international levels.
Securing Integrated Transportation Networks provides a comprehensive look at multimodal transportation security—its dynamics, evolving threats and technology advances that enhance operational security and related infrastructure protection and hardening, as well as the regulatory environment. As threats are evolving, so is the technology used in enhancing transportation security, operational procedures, and regulations. This book will address this dynamic evolution of transportation security. This book serves as a primary reference for information on of the range of activities and components involved in transportation security. It covers the myriad moving parts involved in the relationship between and among logistics, the supply chains and transportation entities, and the concepts, approaches and methods that are being employed to effect greater security. It looks at operations, infrastructure, equipment, laws and regulations, policies and procedures, and risk focused on transportation safety and security by mode and transportation in general. Cooperation and partnering with and among the industry, to include transportation providers and government agencies, is the way forward to ensure that security is maintained and keeps pace with the evolving threat and regulatory landscape. This book benefits students in homeland security, supply chain management and transportation planning and engineering by providing a practical resource written by industry practitioners with "boots-on-the-ground" security experience and analysis of real-world case studies. In addition, it provides a practitioner-focused reference book for those in the transportation and supply chain industries, to include its government, associated industries, and academic partners. - Introduces readers to the characteristics of the motive power, freight or passage haulage units, physical infrastructure required, the operating environment itself and the information technology applicable to both operating and managing customer-provider relationships—all of which to foster safe, secure, effective, and efficient operations - Includes discussion questions and case studies available for assignments and subsequent classroom discussion, whereby real-world scenarios serve to hone analytical abilities - Discusses the risks and vulnerabilities that various supply chains and associated transportation modes may pose to the ability of a firm to maintain ongoing operations, helping them to analyze trade-offs and mitigate threats
Addresses a variety of challenges and solutions within the transportation security sphere in order to protect our transportation systems • Provides innovative solutions to improved communication and creating joint operations centers to manage response to threats • Details technological measures to protect our transportation infrastructure, and explains their feasibility and economic costs • Discusses changes in travel behavior as a response to terrorism and natural disaster • Explains the role of transportation systems in supporting response operations in large disasters • Written with a worldwide scope
The response of the U.S. federal government to the events of September 11, 2001 has reflected the challenge of striking a balance between implementing security measures to deter terrorist attacks while at the same time limiting disruption to air commerce. Airport and Aviation Security: U.S. Policy and Strategy in the Age of Global Terrorism is a co
Intermodal Maritime Security: Supply Chain Risk Mitigation offers every stakeholder involved in international transactions the tools needed to assess the essential risks, threats and vulnerabilities within the global supply chain. The book examines the role intermodal maritime transportation plays in global security, surveying its critical policies, procedures, operations, infrastructure and systems. Linking new technological standards with intermodal operations, this book provides the foundational knowledge readers need, including transportation and maritime trade students, researchers, practitioners and regulatory agencies. - Blends academic knowledge with real-world experiences - Drawn from subject matter experts in academia, importers and exporters, transportation firms, and trade intermediaries - Breadth of multidisciplinary coverage from maritime supply chains, port and maritime operations, as well as cyber and physical security
This report describes many ways in which science and engineering can contribute to making the nation safer against the threat of catastrophic terrorism. The report identifies key actions that can be undertaken now, based on knowledge and technologies in hand, and, equally important, describes key opportunities for reducing current and future risks through longer-term research and development activities.
The events of September 11, 2001 changed perceptions, rearranged national priorities, and produced significant new government entities, including the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) created in 2003. While the principal mission of DHS is to lead efforts to secure the nation against those forces that wish to do harm, the department also has responsibilities in regard to preparation for and response to other hazards and disasters, such as floods, earthquakes, and other "natural" disasters. Whether in the context of preparedness, response or recovery from terrorism, illegal entry to the country, or natural disasters, DHS is committed to processes and methods that feature risk assessment as a critical component for making better-informed decisions. Review of the Department of Homeland Security's Approach to Risk Analysis explores how DHS is building its capabilities in risk analysis to inform decision making. The department uses risk analysis to inform decisions ranging from high-level policy choices to fine-scale protocols that guide the minute-by-minute actions of DHS employees. Although DHS is responsible for mitigating a range of threats, natural disasters, and pandemics, its risk analysis efforts are weighted heavily toward terrorism. In addition to assessing the capability of DHS risk analysis methods to support decision-making, the book evaluates the quality of the current approach to estimating risk and discusses how to improve current risk analysis procedures. Review of the Department of Homeland Security's Approach to Risk Analysis recommends that DHS continue to build its integrated risk management framework. It also suggests that the department improve the way models are developed and used and follow time-tested scientific practices, among other recommendations.
Are We Safe Enough? Measuring and Assessing Aviation Security explains how standard risk analytic and cost-benefit analysis can be applied to aviation security in systematic and easy-to-understand steps. The book evaluates and puts into sensible context the risks associated with air travel, the risk appetite of airlines and regulators and the notion of acceptable risk. It does so by describing the effectiveness, risk reduction and cost of each layer of aviation security, from policing and intelligence to checkpoint passenger screening to arming pilots on the flight deck. - Quantifies the risks, costs and benefits of various aviation security methods, including policing, intelligence, PreCheck, checkpoint passenger screening, behavioral detection, air marshals and armed pilots - Focuses on security measures that reduce costs without reducing security, including PreCheck, Federal Flight Deck Officer program and Installed Physical Secondary Barriers - Features risk-reduction insights with global applications that are fully transparent, and fully explored through sensitivity analysis