Download Free Modeling Pile Setup For Closed Ended Pipe Piles Driven In Cohesive Soils Book in PDF and EPUB Free Download. You can read online Modeling Pile Setup For Closed Ended Pipe Piles Driven In Cohesive Soils and write the review.

This research study focuses on modeling pile setup for closed-ended pipe piles (CEP) driven in cohesive soils. Pile setup can be defined as an increase in pile resistance over time after installation due to an increase in soil resistance. Pile setup was rarely considered in the Ohio Department of Transportation, ODOT, standard driven pile design procedures. If significant pile driving losses occur during pile installation, either pile driving is halted for a short period of time to determine whether pile setup will occur, or pile length is increased to achieve the required ultimate bearing value. This would negatively affect not only the piling and projects costs, but also the project schedule. Thus, incorporating pile setup into the design stage can lead to saving in pile quantity and avoid construction delays, as well as help to avoid change orders. In order to better predict pile driving losses during design stage, this research project aimed to develop more reliable pile setup models. To fulfill the objectives of this research, a database was established to collect data from existing projects in the State of Ohio. In addition, several field projects were selected to investigate the pile setup phenomenon. Comprehensive statistical analyses were conducted to investigate the mechanism of pile setup. Effect of the construction activities on the resistance of adjacent piles was also investigated by performing dynamic and static load tests on CEP piles driven in a fine-grained soil profile. The cone penetration tests (CPT) were performed at three locations at the project sites to gain more knowledge of the soil layers. Data obtained from piezometer measurements showed an increase in water pressure at the site during pile driving, which in turn reduced the effective soil strength. This investigation revealed that pile driving and restrikes should be scheduled such that the effect of construction activities on load tests results will be avoided or minimized. This could be implemented by conducting the dynamic load test on the first pile driven at a site and avoiding any construction activities until after the time of the restrike. The effect of construction activities on the resistances of adjacent piles was observed at distances of seven times the pile diameter. The results also indicated that silty clay soil exhibits higher setup than other soil types encountered at the project site. Side and tip resistances obtained from the static load tests were compared with estimates made using well-known CPT-based pile design methods. Overall, these methods achieved satisfactory predictions of the side and tip resistances with some exceptions. Multiple variable regression analyses performed by using the dataset compiled showed that the resistance mobilized at the end of pile installation, time passed after the installation, pile shaft surface area, and average silt content along the pile length are the most influential parameters in predicting the total pile resistance of driven piles. Multiple regression analyses were also carried out by using the collected database of side resistance demonstrated that initial side resistance, time passed since installation, soil volume displaced, clay and water contents along the pile length are the significant variables on predicting pile side resistance. New models for total and side resistances were developed to predict pile setup for CEP piles driven in fine-grained soils using gene expression programming (GEP). The results showed that the proposed models of pile total and side resistances can predict pile setup quite well. An attempt to evaluate the setup, for both total and side resistances, with time using the database has been made. The total and side setup ratios were also analyzed based on various restrike times. Since the database contains piles with multiple restrikes, another analysis was carried out to evaluate the ultimate total and side setup ratios. One of the main goals of this research was to evaluate pile side setup for individual layers using the unit side resistance with the aid of available dynamic load test data. Effect of soil properties on setup ratios for individual soil layers was also investigated. The results revealed that the recommended setup factor for the pile total and side setup ratios of 2.0 and 3.0, respectively, would cover almost all the piles' long term behavior. The results also showed that side friction setup factors for the piles driven in fine-grained Ohio soils are about 50 to 100% more than the factors currently recommended in the ODOT Bridge Design Manual.
This international handbook is essential for geotechnical engineers and engineering geologists responsible for designing and constructing piled foundations. It explains general principles and practice and details current types of pile, piling equipment and methods. It includes calculations of the resistance of piles to compressive loads, pile group
Numerical Methods in Geotechnical Engineering IX contains 204 technical and scientific papers presented at the 9th European Conference on Numerical Methods in Geotechnical Engineering (NUMGE2018, Porto, Portugal, 25—27 June 2018). The papers cover a wide range of topics in the field of computational geotechnics, providing an overview of recent developments on scientific achievements, innovations and engineering applications related to or employing numerical methods. They deal with subjects from emerging research to engineering practice, and are grouped under the following themes: Constitutive modelling and numerical implementation Finite element, discrete element and other numerical methods. Coupling of diverse methods Reliability and probability analysis Large deformation – large strain analysis Artificial intelligence and neural networks Ground flow, thermal and coupled analysis Earthquake engineering, soil dynamics and soil-structure interactions Rock mechanics Application of numerical methods in the context of the Eurocodes Shallow and deep foundations Slopes and cuts Supported excavations and retaining walls Embankments and dams Tunnels and caverns (and pipelines) Ground improvement and reinforcement Offshore geotechnical engineering Propagation of vibrations Following the objectives of previous eight thematic conferences, (1986 Stuttgart, Germany; 1990 Santander, Spain; 1994 Manchester, United Kingdom; 1998 Udine, Italy; 2002 Paris, France; 2006 Graz, Austria; 2010 Trondheim, Norway; 2014 Delft, The Netherlands), Numerical Methods in Geotechnical Engineering IX updates the state-of-the-art regarding the application of numerical methods in geotechnics, both in a scientific perspective and in what concerns its application for solving practical boundary value problems. The book will be much of interest to engineers, academics and professionals involved or interested in Geotechnical Engineering.
Expansive soils cause more damage to structures annually than a combination of other major natural disasters. Because of the cost to our society, all means and methods need to be fully explored to mitigate the problems associated with expansive soils. This study will present a foundation design approach that is under utilized in this application, driven piles. The main objective of the study is to present pile test results and analysis from four driven pile project sites in three types of expansive soils found in central Texas: Del Rio formation, Taylor/Navarro formation, and expansive alluvium. Observations of the pile driving operations will be reported to highlight pile design considerations like predrilling and open versus close-ended pipe piles and the type of equipment involved. High strain dynamic pile tests were conducted on each of the four studies with rigorous signal matching analysis from the CAse Pile Wave Analysis Program (CAPWAP). Ultimate pile capacities ranged from 73 to 311 kips with an average of 61% of the total capacity coming from the pile shaft and were two to six times the structural capacity needed. Static design methods under-predicted, dynamic formulas over-predicted, and wave equation analysis conducted with GRLWEAP closely modeled test results. Average unit skin frictions ranged from 0.55 to 4.7 ksf. Restrike pile tests of 1 to 17 days after initial driving reported 30 to 100% shaft capacity gain. All open-ended pipe piles driven produced soil plugs ranging from 4 to 14 feet thick, and it was observed that harder driving conditions produced thinner soil plug thicknesses. Small diameter, thick-walled, open-ended pipe piles reached penetration of twice the depth of designated zone of seasonal moisture change without problem. The observed production rate of the driven piles was on average 8 minutes which implied daily production of 15 to 40 piles. Predrills or augered holes should be specified for underground obstructions found in soil investigation. Future studies on pile-supported foundations should measure localized movement correlated with seasonal moisture changes in expansive soil, or active zone, to confirm long-term performance. Also uplift forces need to be observed from tests on fully-instrumented and loaded driven piles to determine required pile embedment length below the active zone to withstand movement.
NUMGE 2018 is the ninth in a series of conferences on Numerical Methods in Geotechnical Engineering organized by the ERTC7 under the auspices of the International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE). The first conference was held in 1986 in Stuttgart, Germany and the series continued every four years (1990 Santander, Spain; 1994 Manchester, United Kingdom; 1998 Udine, Italy; 2002 Paris, France; 2006 Graz, Austria; 2010 Trondheim, Norway; 2014 Delft, The Netherlands). The conference provides a forum for exchange of ideas and discussion on topics related to numerical modelling in geotechnical engineering. Both senior and young researchers, as well as scientists and engineers from Europe and overseas, are invited to attend this conference to share and exchange their knowledge and experiences. This work is the first volume of NUMGE 2018.
"The main objective of this book is to provide a comprehensive pile design and construction guide to practising geotechnical engineers. The book does not require any special technical knowledge other than basic mathematical skills. The first portion deals with construction aspects of piling. In this section, pile types, pile hammers, piling techniques, problems associated with piling work and cost considerations are discussed. Second portion of the book is devoted to pile design. Pile design in different soil conditions, pile groups, pile settlement, Bitumen coated pile design and lateral loading analysis were some of the subjects discussed. Almost all the chapters in the design section contain design examples. Design examples are provided to complement the theory and the designer should not follow the examples blindly during the design process"--Bookjacket
The perfect guide for veteran structural engineers or for engineers just entering the field of offshore design and construction, Marine Structural Design Calculations offers structural and geotechnical engineers a multitude of worked-out marine structural construction and design calculations. Each calculation is discussed in a concise, easy-to-understand manner that provides an authoritative guide for selecting the right formula and solving even the most difficult design calculation. Calculation methods for all areas of marine structural design and construction are presented and practical solutions are provided. Theories, principles, and practices are summarized. The concentration focuses on formula selection and problem solving. A “quick look up guide , Marine Structural Design Calculations includes both fps and SI units and is divided into categories such as Project Management for Marine Structures; Marine Structures Loads and Strength; Marine Structure Platform Design; and Geotechnical Data and Pile Design. The calculations are based on industry code and standards like American Society of Civil Engineers and American Society of Mechanical Engineers, as well as institutions like the American Petroleum Institute and the US Coast Guard. Case studies and worked examples are included throughout the book. Calculations are based on industry code and standards such as American Society of Civil Engineers and American Society of Mechanical Engineers Complete chapter on modeling using SACS software and PDMS software Includes over 300 marine structural construction and design calculations Worked-out examples and case studies are provided throughout the book Includes a number of checklists, design schematics and data tables
Open-ended pipe piles are often used for the foundations of both land and offshore structures because of their relatively low driving resistance. In this study, calibration chamber tests were conducted on model pipe piles installed in sands with different soil conditions in order to investigate the effects of the pile installation method on penetration parameters and bearing capacity. Results of the test program showed that both the hammer blow count necessary to install the piles and the incremental filling ratio (IFR), which is used to indicate the degree of soil plugging in open-ended piles, decreased (1) with increasing hammer weight for the same driving energy, and (2) with increasing hammer weight at the same fall height. The base and shaft load capacities of the piles were observed to increase (1) with increasing hammer weight for the same driving energy, and (2) with increasing hammer weight for the same fall height. It was also observed that the noise level observed during pile driving decreases (1) as the driving energy decreases and (2) as the hammer weight increases for the same driving energy. Model jacked piles were also installed and tested. The jacked piles were found to have higher bearing capacities than identical driven piles under similar conditions, mostly due to the more effective development of soil plugging in jacking than in driving.
Piles driven into cohesive soils will usually exhibit an increase in resistance over time known as pile setup, freeze, or gain. Benefits of using this Phenomenon to the advantage of a foundation design can be found directly in the economic gains of requiring less foundation piles and time. Current research practices on pile setup is often performed on full scale instrumented piles around 60 – 100 feet in length driven at a construction site. Limitations of this research method include cost, time, heterogeneity of subsurface soil, inaccuracies of subsurface characterization, impractical extraction and reuse of sensors and pile. These limitations are addressed by the developed medium scale laboratory experiment described in this research. The developed experiment featured a five foot diameter, seven foot tall reinforced concrete manhole filled with compacted soils and vibrating wire piezometers and earth pressure cells placed along the depth. A 4 inch diameter, 7 foot long steel pile was driven into the soil profile to a 5 foot depth followed by dynamic and static load tests performed over a period of 1–3 weeks. Miniature cone penetration tests (CPT) were performed before and after pile driving to assess its impacts on surrounding soil. Four separate tests were performed on different soil profiles of sand and/or clay combinations. Measured pile resistances showed logarithmic increases with time in clay layers along the pile shaft. Total shaft resistances increased from 3.3 to 6.3 times the end of driving resistance in profiles containing clay. The excess pore water pressure dissipation caused from pile driving and measured horizontal effective stress were found to correlate well with measured shaft resistances; an inverse correlation was also found between rate of pile setup and time to 99% excess pore water pressure dissipation. CPT results showed similar tip resistances measured before and after driving at a 5 pile diameter distance from the pile indicative of an influence zone not extending beyond this distance. Results produced in this medium scale testing program agree with those obtained from full scale pile testing making this a better alternative for research purposes. Specific soil type and layering could be selected and customized to answer desired questions. Sensors were placed in the exact position desired and extracted during excavation without damage to use in subsequent testing. CPTs were performed multiple times before and after driving and restrikes using the miniature cone penetrometer. Testing performed in the field usually consist of a single sounding made before driving. Overall, the developed laboratory experiment was found to be more economical, controlled, and efficient than full scale testing.