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National and international interest in finding rational and economical approaches to water-quality management is at an all-time high. Insightful application of mathematical models, attention to their underlying assumptions, and practical sampling and statistical tools are essential to maximize a successful approach to water-quality modeling. Chapra has organized this user-friendly text in a lecture format to engage students who want to assimilate information in manageable units. Comical examples and literary quotes interspersed throughout the text motivate readers to view the material in the proper context. Coverage includes the necessary issues of surface water modeling, such as reaction kinetics, mixed versus nonmixed systems, and a variety of possible contaminants and indicators; environments commonly encountered in water-quality modeling; model calibration, verification, and sensitivity analysis; and major water-quality-modeling problems. Most formulations and techniques are accompanied by an explanation of their origin and/or theoretical basis. Although the book points toward numerical, computer-oriented applications, strong use is made of analytical solutions. In addition, the text includes extensive worked examples that relate theory to applications and illustrate the mechanics and subtleties of the computations.
feedback, stratification, and algal uptake and recycle.
State-of-the-Art in Ecological Modelling covers the proceedings of the Conference on Ecological Modeling, held in Copenhagen, Denmark from August 28 to September 2, 1978. The book focuses on ecological modeling, particularly prey-predator models, lake and river models, toxic substances models, and holistic approaches to ecological modeling. The selection first discusses review presentations of ecological modeling, including river models, prey-predator models, application of graphical methods, and lake models. The application of microcosms in ecological modeling; water quality and irrigation in agriculture models; and distribution and effect of toxic substances models are also elaborated. The text then takes a look at the models of sea and coastal areas, atmospheric pollution, ecosystems in the lithosphere, and water management. The book surveys multi-species of planktons and nutrients model of lake eutrophication and modeling of vertical temperature distribution and its implication on biological processes in lakes. Topics include mathematical expression of multi-species of planktons and nutrients model in lake ecosystem; observation data on water quality and planktons; and models for vertical temperature distribution. The selection is a dependable reference for readers wanting to dig deeper into ecological modeling.
The phosphorus loading concept is examined within the framework of equilibrium input-output models. Some theoretical and practical shortcomings of several phosphorus models are then discussed. Finally, the dynamics of total phosphorus in lakes is explored using first-order linear theory with time-dependent coefficients.
The International Society for Ecological Modelling (ISEM) sponsors conferences, workshops and training courses with the aim of advancing the development of ecological and environmental modelling. The 3rd International Conference on the state-of-the-art in ecological modelling was sponsored by the ISEM in cooperation with the National Park Service Water Resources Laboratory and hosted by the Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory at Colorado State University. Its theme was the application of ecological modelling to environmental management and this book contains the full texts of the three invited papers presented in the five general sessions, plus the final summaries and syntheses of the topics covered during those sessions.