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The aim of volume 7 of Human Cell Culture is to provide clear and precise methods for growing primary cultures of adult stem cells from various human tissues and describe culture conditions in which these adult stem cells differentiate along their respective lineages. The book will be of value to biomedical scientists and of special interest to stem cell biologists and tissue engineers. Each chapter is written by experts actively involved in growing human adult stem cells.
Pluripotent stem cells have distinct characteristics: self-renewal and the potential to differentiate into various somatic cells. In recent years, substantial advances have been made from basic science to clinical applications. The vast amount knowledge available makes obtaining concise yet sufficient information difficult, hence the purpose of this book. In this book, embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and mesenchymal stem cells are discussed. The book is divided into five sections: pluripotency, culture methods, toxicology, disease models, and regenerative medicine. The topics covered range from new concepts to current technologies. Readers are expected to gain useful information from expert contributors.
This book is intended as a comprehensive resource for clinicians and researchers seeking in-depth information on geriatric oncology. The coverage encompasses epidemiology, the biology and (patho)physiology of aging and cancer, geriatric assessment and management, hematologic malignancies, solid tumors, issues in patient care, and research methods. Since cancer is a disease of aging and people are living longer, most cancer patients are now aged 70 and older. Yet the more we age, the more diverse we become in terms of our health, biologic fitness, and cancer behavior. Typically, however, general oncology clinical trials address only a selected healthier and younger population of patients. Geriatric oncology is the area of oncology that addresses these issues but while a wealth of knowledge has been accumulated, information is often difficult to retrieve or insufficiently detailed. The SpringerReference program, in which this book is published, offers an ideal format for overcoming these limitations since it combines thorough coverage with access to living editions constantly updated chapter by chapter via a dynamic peer-review process, ensuring that information remains current and pertinent.
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a cancer where a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) has been identified and suggested to give rise to this cancer by acquisition of BCR-ABL, a fusion gene that produces a constitutively active protein tyrosine kinase product p210BCR-ABL. Although the initiating event of BCR-ABL expression occurs at the HSC level, inappropriate self-renewal pathway activation in granulocyte-macrophage progenitors represents a critical event in progression to blast crisis. However, the sequence of events required for the evolution of leukemic stem cell responsible for progression to blast crisis has not been firmly elucidated. Blast crisis is the most challenging phase of CML to treat and thus, demands further understanding. Efforts to model mechanisms of disease persistence and progression as well as therapeutic resistance in human cells have been limited by the relative dearth of CML patient blood and bone marrow samples. Previous research suggests that human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) may provide a limitless and consistent source of primitive hematopoietic cells. We have used a mouse aorta gonad mesonephros stromal cell line to differentiate hESCs to hematopoietic precursor cells. In these hESC differentiating cultures we observed that the addition of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor enhance hemogenic endothelial cell generation from the hESC line less prone to hematopoietic differentiation. Furthermore, a transcription factor necessary for hematopoietic specification, c-Myb, is not sufficiently expressed in hESC derived CD34+ cells. With c-Myb over-expression, gene expression in CD34-, CD34+CD31-, and CD34+CD31+ hESC derived populations is altered. Expressing BCR-ABL in hESC derived CD34+ cells was able to confer primary engraftment in highly immunocompromised mice, but secondary engraftment was only achieved with the addition of constitutively active [Beta]-catenin, which is involved in self-renewal. BCR-ABL reduced the self-renewal capacity of cord blood stem and progenitor cells in vitro, which suggest the addition of constitutively active [Beta]-catenin is required to support the self-renewal of BCR-ABL+ cells. These findings implicate [Beta]-catenin plays a role in CML and suggest hESC can be used for the modeling of both CML and hematopoietic development.
Handbook of Benign Hematology is a practical guide to the diagnosis and management of benign hematologic conditions. The book begins with a chapter on normal hematopoiesis and follows with chapters devoted to groups of blood disorders and syndromes including neutrophil disorders, nonmalignant myeloid disorders, bone marrow failure syndromes, myeloproliferative disorders, anemias, iron metabolism disorders, platelet disorders, hemostasis and coagulation defects, and thrombosis. Each disorder subtype covered features a clinical case, an introduction to the condition, details on diagnosis including applicable criteria and lab work needed, key diagnostic dilemmas, prognosis, treatment options, details on clinical trials and emerging clinical strategies, and bulleted key points to highlight clinical pearls and common pitfalls. The final chapters provide best practices for transfusion medicine and a guide to pharmacologic agents and their uses in clinical practice for adult and pediatric patients. The handbook is filled with tables and illustrations which highlight FDA-approved drug information, clinical trials data, hematopathologic characteristics of different disorders, important management criteria and more, making it the ideal handbook for those in practice or for review. The Editors and chapter authors are experienced academic practitioners in the fields of adult and pediatric hematology, pathology, blood banking, and pharmacology. Emphasizing best practices for patient management, this handbook is essential for oncologists, hematologists, trainees, and other practitioners who regularly or increasingly receive referrals to diagnose and treat adults or children with nonmalignant hematologic conditions. Key Features: Includes dozens of clinical cases covering all nonmalignant blood disorders Emphasizes patient management and best practices for disorders seen in adults and children Contains over 30 color images and numerous tables for quick reference Presents important details of all pharmacologic agents used to treat or manage hematologic disorders and their complications Purchase includes access to the ebook for use on most mobile devices or computers
This book collects articles on the biology of hematopoietic stem cells during embryonic development, reporting on fly, fish, avian and mammalian models. The text invites a comparative overview of hematopoietic stem cell generation in the different classes, emphasizing conserved trends in development. The book reviews current knowledge on human hematopoietic development and discusses recent breakthroughs of relevance to both researchers and clinicians.