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Model organisms represent an invaluable resource for fundamental and applied research, allowing the identification of the mechanistic basis of evolutionary innovations. This article collection will showcase studies of established as well as emerging Model Organisms in Plant Developmental Biology - their effectiveness and limitations, that have significance to the field broadly, including EvoDevo. Classically used for genetic and molecular studies in Plant Biology, model organisms are progressively entering many subdisciplines within Plant Development and EvoDevo. Recent advancements in the fast-growing field of plant model organisms, and their hugely increased phylogenetic breadth and availability of genomes and transgenic techniques, have led to a burst of innovative ideas and synthesis in recent publications spanning the range from an analysis of fossils to single-cell sequencing. However, it also raises the question of how broad is the application of knowledge gained from these studies, and its relevance to the field of Plant Development and EvoDevo. To address those questions, this research topic focuses on new insights, latest discoveries, current challenges, and future perspectives in the study of model organisms and how much knowledge gained from them can be extrapolated broadly. Authors are encouraged to identify the greatest unifying concepts in their sub-disciplines, and the challenges, emerging from the use of model plants, as well as to put forward potential solutions to address those challenges.
This Element presents a philosophical exploration of the concept of the 'model organism' in contemporary biology. Thinking about model organisms enables us to examine how living organisms have been brought into the laboratory and used to gain a better understanding of biology, and to explore the research practices, commitments, and norms underlying this understanding. We contend that model organisms are key components of a distinctive way of doing research. We focus on what makes model organisms an important type of model, and how the use of these models has shaped biological knowledge, including how model organisms represent, how they are used as tools for intervention, and how the representational commitments linked to their use as models affect the research practices associated with them. This title is available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Biology has entered an era in which interdisciplinary cooperation is at an all-time high, practical applications follow basic discoveries more quickly than ever before, and new technologiesâ€"recombinant DNA, scanning tunneling microscopes, and moreâ€"are revolutionizing the way science is conducted. The potential for scientific breakthroughs with significant implications for society has never been greater. Opportunities in Biology reports on the state of the new biology, taking a detailed look at the disciplines of biology; examining the advances made in medicine, agriculture, and other fields; and pointing out promising research opportunities. Authored by an expert panel representing a variety of viewpoints, this volume also offers recommendations on how to meet the infrastructure needsâ€"for funding, effective information systems, and other supportâ€"of future biology research. Exploring what has been accomplished and what is on the horizon, Opportunities in Biology is an indispensable resource for students, teachers, and researchers in all subdisciplines of biology as well as for research administrators and those in funding agencies.
Assists policymakers in evaluating the appropriate scientific methods for detecting unintended changes in food and assessing the potential for adverse health effects from genetically modified products. In this book, the committee recommended that greater scrutiny should be given to foods containing new compounds or unusual amounts of naturally occurring substances, regardless of the method used to create them. The book offers a framework to guide federal agencies in selecting the route of safety assessment. It identifies and recommends several pre- and post-market approaches to guide the assessment of unintended compositional changes that could result from genetically modified foods and research avenues to fill the knowledge gaps.
This book, which was originally published in 1986, introduces the reader to the main steps in the analysis of chimeras, explains their structural and developmental basis, and the ways of classifying and manipulating them. The twelve chapters separate types of chimeras according to their origin - by grafting or polyploidy; their structure - sectorial or periclinal; or according to the varied parts of the plant most affected - tubers, leaves, flowers or fruit. Throughout the book care is taken to distinguish between the activity of the growing-point in determining chimera structure, and the role of gene expression in determining appearance. Examples of the experimental uses of chimeras are given and of the valuable role they can play in studying fundamental questions of anatomical development; the disadvantages of chimeras in mutation breeding are discussed too.
The latest title from the acclaimed Current Protocols series, Current Protocols Essential Laboratory Techniques, 2e provides the new researcher with the skills and understanding of the fundamental laboratory procedures necessary to run successful experiments, solve problems, and become a productive member of the modern life science laboratory. From covering the basic skills such as measurement, preparation of reagents and use of basic instrumentation to the more advanced techniques such as blotting, chromatography and real-time PCR, this book will serve as a practical reference manual for any life science researcher. Written by a combination of distinguished investigators and outstanding faculty, Current Protocols Essential Laboratory Techniques, 2e is the cornerstone on which the beginning scientist can develop the skills for a successful research career.
The roots of most plants are colonized by symbiotic fungi to form mycorrhiza, which play a critical role in the capture of nutrients from the soil and therefore in plant nutrition. Mycorrhizal Symbiosis is recognized as the definitive work in this area. Since the last edition was published there have been major advances in the field, particularly in the area of molecular biology, and the new edition has been fully revised and updated to incorporate these exciting new developments. - Over 50% new material - Includes expanded color plate section - Covers all aspects of mycorrhiza - Presents new taxonomy - Discusses the impact of proteomics and genomics on research in this area
"Nematodes, especially Caenorhabditis elegans have been used as a model for research in molecular biology since the 1960's. This is a much-needed update on research on fundamental processes in areas such as genetics, developmental biology, nutrition, toxicology, ecology, pharmacology and medicine"--