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Model-based diagnostic/prognostic techniques have the potential to predict, within reasonable bounds, the remaining useful life of critical system components. Due to the numerous uncertainties in the operation of a turbine engine and unavailability of accurate engine models, prognostics continue to pose a significant challenge. There is a need to develop an engine prognostic approach that can accommodate different damage modes, sensor failures, material properties, dynamic load histories and damage accumulation. Using an accurate physics-based model of the engine one can develop such a prognostic approach. We present a nonlinear dynamical model of a two-spool turbine engine developed from first principles. The simulation model has been implemented using MATLAB/Simulink. It is used with the Kalman Filter-based diagnostic technique previously discussed in literature to detect and isolate sensor faults. A literature review of the developments in the area of prognostics is also presented, along with the problems and challenges.
This proceeding comprises peer-reviewed papers of the 2021 Asia-Pacific International Symposium on Aerospace Technology (APISAT 2021), held from 15-17 November 2021 in Jeju, South Korea. This book deals with various themes on computational fluid dynamics, wind tunnel testing, flow visualization, UAV design, flight simulation, satellite attitude control, aeroelasticity and control, combustion analysis, fuel injection, cooling systems, spacecraft propulsion and so forth. So, this book can be very helpful not only for the researchers of universities and academic institutes, but also for the industry engineers who are interested in the current and future advanced topics in aerospace technology.
This report presents the results of a study made to develop a multiple fault diagnostic system for a complex twin spool, mixed flow, variable geometry turbofan engine using Hamilton Standard's Gas Path Analysis Technique. Engine data from a detailed nonlinear simulation of a paper engine was used. A simple control mode is also presented. Using a weighted least squared estimation procedure, a number of possible diagnostic routines are developed taking into account sensor and control uncertainties. A figure of merit is defined and used to isolate the acceptable diagnostic systems.
In this paper the development of multiple handle gas path analysis, an analytical approach that has two advantages over linear gas path analysis is described. Firstly, it allows all instruments to he used for diagnostics purposes, without having to use one to determine the baseline. The other advantage is that diagnostics can be cross checked against one another to allow greater faith in the result. A conclusion that can be drawn regarding multiple handle gas path analysis is that it appears to be a promising technique. For some faults it appears to give better diagnostics than linear gas path analysis, without going to the complexity of nonlinear gas path analysis. The latter is however more accurate. The analysis of a high performance twin spool turbofan engine, gave rise to a very useful diagnostic. Several fault sets were analyzed and several instrumentation sets were examined, ranging from the minimum available in the cockpit to a much more comprehensive one.
Tests are described which, when used to augment the existing periodic maintenance and pre-flight checks of T700 engines, can greatly improve the chances of uncovering a problem compared to the current practice. These test signals can be used to expose and differentiate between faults in various components by comparing the responses of particular engine variables to the expected. The responses can be processed on-line in a variety of ways which have been shown to reveal and identify faults. The combination of specific test signals and on-line processing methods provides an ad hoc approach to the isolation of faults which might not otherwise be detected during pre-flight checkout.
The propulsion system is arguably the most critical part of the aircraft; it certainly is the single most expensive component of the vehicle. Ensuring that engines operate reliably without major maintenance issues is an important goal for all operators, military or commercial. Engine health management (EHM) is a critical piece of this puzzle and has been a part of the engine maintenance for more than five decades. In fact, systematic condition monitoring was introduced for engines before it was applied to other systems on the aircraft. Diagnostics and Prognostics of Aerospace Engines is a collection of technical papers from the archives of SAE International, which introduces the reader to a brief history of EHM, presents some examples of EHM functions, and outlines important future trends. The goal of engine health maintenance is ultimately to reduce the cost of operations by catching problems before they become major issues, by helping reduce repair times through diagnostics, and by facilitating logistic optimization through prognostic estimates. Diagnostics and Prognostics of Aerospace Engines shows that the essence of these goals has not changed over time.