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This work presents model-based algorithmic approaches for interference-invariant time delay estimation, which are specifically suited for the estimation of small time delay differences with a necessary resolution well below the sampling time. Therefore, the methods can be applied particularly well for transit-time ultrasonic flow measurements, since the problem of interfering signals is especially prominent in this application.
Many processes in nature arise from the interaction of periodic phenomena with random phenomena. The results are processes that are not periodic, but whose statistical functions are periodic functions of time. These processes are called cyclostationary and are an appropriate mathematical model for signals encountered in many fields including communications, radar, sonar, telemetry, acoustics, mechanics, econometrics, astronomy, and biology. Cyclostationary Processes and Time Series: Theory, Applications, and Generalizations addresses these issues and includes the following key features. Presents the foundations and developments of the second- and higher-order theory of cyclostationary signals Performs signal analysis using both the classical stochastic process approach and the functional approach for time series Provides applications in signal detection and estimation, filtering, parameter estimation, source location, modulation format classification, and biological signal characterization Includes algorithms for cyclic spectral analysis along with Matlab/Octave code Provides generalizations of the classical cyclostationary model in order to account for relative motion between transmitter and receiver and describe irregular statistical cyclicity in the data
This report describes a technique for obtaining unbiased time delay estimates in the presence of interference. The proposed technique utilizes a matched filter concept wherein the anticipated noise-free generalized cross-correlator (GCC) output between two sensors is matched to the actual received noisy output under a least-mean-square error criterion. Separate unbiased estimates of the target power, target time delay, interference power, interference time delay, and noise power are obtained provided the spectral form of the target and interference are known. The performance of this matched parameter estimator (MPE) is evaluated analytically and compared to the conventional estimator and to MPE simulation results as a function of signal-to-noise, interference-to-noise, time delay separation, and signal and interference spectra. In addition, a potential bias error resulting from a mismatched MPE is also evaluated. (Author).
As software engineering (SE) becomes specialized and fragmented, it is easy to lose sight that many topics in SE have common threads and because of this, advances in one sub-discipline may transmit to another. The presentation of results between diff- ent sub-disciplines of SE encourages this interchange for the advancement of SE as a whole. Of particular interest is the hybrid approach of combining ideas from one d- cipline with those of another to achieve a result that is more significant than the sum of the individual parts. Through this hybrid philosophy, a new or common principle can be discovered which has the propensity to propagate throughout this multifaceted discipline. This volume comprises the selection of extended versions of papers that were p- sented in their shortened form at the 2008 International Conference on Advanced Software Engineering and Its Applications (http://www.sersc.org/ASEA2008/) and 2009 Advanced Science and Technology (http://www.sersc.org/AST2009/). We would like to acknowledge the great effort of all in the ASEA 2008 and AST 2009 International Advisory Board and members of the International Program Committee, as well as all the organizations and individuals who supported the idea of publishing these advances in software engineering, including SERSC (http://www.sersc.org/) and Springer. We would like to give special thanks to Rosslin John Robles, Maricel O. Balitanas, Farkhod Alisherov Alisherovish, Feruza Sattarova Yusfovna. These graduate school students of Hannam University attended to the editing process of this volume with great passion.
As future generation information technology (FGIT) becomes specialized and fr- mented, it is easy to lose sight that many topics in FGIT have common threads and, because of this, advances in one discipline may be transmitted to others. Presentation of recent results obtained in different disciplines encourages this interchange for the advancement of FGIT as a whole. Of particular interest are hybrid solutions that c- bine ideas taken from multiple disciplines in order to achieve something more signi- cant than the sum of the individual parts. Through such hybrid philosophy, a new principle can be discovered, which has the propensity to propagate throughout mul- faceted disciplines. FGIT 2009 was the first mega-conference that attempted to follow the above idea of hybridization in FGIT in a form of multiple events related to particular disciplines of IT, conducted by separate scientific committees, but coordinated in order to expose the most important contributions. It included the following international conferences: Advanced Software Engineering and Its Applications (ASEA), Bio-Science and Bio-Technology (BSBT), Control and Automation (CA), Database Theory and Application (DTA), D- aster Recovery and Business Continuity (DRBC; published independently), Future G- eration Communication and Networking (FGCN) that was combined with Advanced Communication and Networking (ACN), Grid and Distributed Computing (GDC), M- timedia, Computer Graphics and Broadcasting (MulGraB), Security Technology (SecTech), Signal Processing, Image Processing and Pattern Recognition (SIP), and- and e-Service, Science and Technology (UNESST).
Energy and power are playing pivotal roles in social and economic developments of the modern world. Energy and power engineers and technologists have made our lives much more comfortable and affordable. However, due to the demands of the global population on resources and the environment, innovations of more reliable and sustainable energy res
The propagation of ultrasonic guided waves in solids is an important area of scientific inquiry, primarily due to their practical applications for nondestructive characterization of materials, such as nondestructive inspection, quality assurance testing, structural health monitoring, and providing a material state awareness. This Special Issue of Applied Sciences covers all aspects of ultrasonic guided waves (e.g., phased array transducers, meta-materials to control wave propagation characteristics, scattering, attenuation, and signal processing techniques) from the perspective of modeling, simulation, laboratory experiments, or field testing. In order to fully utilize ultrasonic guided waves for these applications, it is necessary to have a firm grasp of their requisite characteristics, which include that they are multimodal, dispersive, and are comprised of unique displacement profiles through the thickness of the waveguide.
This memorandum report contains a current summary of the authors' research on detection and time delay estimation for acoustic or other transients for which only one short-time realization exists. Thus, an energy signal model is used, rather than a power signal model. The energy signal model is more realistic for a brief transient, such as might be generated by a tool dropping on a metal floor or the return of an active sonar ping. Performance analysis is done for detection and time delay estimation of these transients embedded in Gaussian noise over a domain of signal-to-noise ratios. Monte Carlo simulations and hypothesis testing are used to generate receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to compare higher order and ordinary correlation detector and time delay estimator performance. Results indicate that for signals of high skewness and kurtosis, the higher order methods significantly outperform the cross correlation detector and time delay estimator. For signals of low skewness and kurtosis, rectification before detection often improves higher order detection to levels comparable to or even surpassing that of the cross correlator. For both signal classes, if the signal passband is approximately known, prefiltering prior to detection significantly improves higher order correlator performance. In the active sonar case, the higher order correlators with prefiltering can outperform the matched filter by more than 4 dB. Even larger improvements are observed in the passive case ... Altimetry, Mesoscale oceanography, Ocean forecasting.
Impulse response measurements that are performed outdoors are highly susceptible to the uncertainties caused by the non-perfect measurement setup, the presence of background noise, and fluctuations in media such as wind and temperature drift. This work concentrates on two scenarios: the measurement of reflection coefficients of noise barriers and the influence of temperature variances in machinery cavities. Regarding the sound barrier measurement outdoors, a linear four-microphone array can be used to separate direct sound and reflected sound if the sound barrier does not include complicated scattering structures. With regard to the impulse response of an air-borne sound measurement for a machine monitoring system, a time-warping model for inter-period and intra-period temperature variances is investigated.