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The modern development of medicine has been characterized by the grow ing use of new technologies in health care delivery and research. As an empirical science, medicine is based on many types and quantities of information to recognize alterations, explore causes and apply cor rective action. Dealing with biological objects, signals have to be collected, processed and interpreted to recognize the state of this object. It is therefore understandable that data processing technology and informatics have been employed to a growing extent in medicine. The increasing economic repercussions of modern medicine lead also to the demand of ways and means to assess the system as such and to develop means for evaluation and regulation. However, the application of data processing to the medical field has very often grown in parallel to and remote from the development of in formatics and data processing in general. Furthermore, difficulties have occurred resulting from the differing concepts of reasoning, deci sion making and methodology. We therefore decided to start a series of seminars with the attempt to bring scientists from both medicine and informatics together to discuss basic principles of informatics and medicine and to attempt a synthesis between the problems in medicine and health care delivery and methods in informatics to approach a solu tion of these problems. This volume contains the lecture notes of the first seminar of this type.
Pharmacologists can be considered pioneers of the study of kinetics of materials introduced into biological systems. The study of drug kinetics is particularly suited to a formulation of relatively simple models which make possible an interpretation of the time-dependent nature of various important phenomena (e. g. distribution by means of diffu sion through membranesl. The objective of the NATO ASI Course on Pharmacokinetics was that of presenting and dis cussing the mathematical and statistical approaches current ly available or being developed for the description, inter pretation and prediction of the fate of drugs and tracer substances administered to living beings. Different physi cal methods for measuring drugs and tracer substances were considered, but the emphasis was on the interpretation of the results of the measurements in terms of mathematical and statistical models. The present book contains all invit ed lectures given in this Course by outstanding internation al authorities and specialists from different fields. A great effort was made to keep a balance among the mathemati cal, physical, biological and clinical aspects of the prob lems; exchange of ideas and experiences between scientists with a physico-mathematical background and scientists with a biomedical background was encouraged and all participants were deeply involved in fruitful discussions. This unique feature of the Course is also the unique characteristic of this book which is therefore mainly directed to people interested not just in acquiring a working knowledge of the methods but in developing new methods.