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Included is a presentation of configurational forces within a classical context and a discussion of their use in areas as diverse as phase transitions and fracture.
Critical distance methods are extremely useful for predicting fracture and fatigue in engineering components. They also represent an important development in the theory of fracture mechanics. Despite being in use for over fifty years in some fields, there has never been a book about these methods – until now. So why now? Because the increasing use of computer-aided stress analysis (by FEA and other techniques) has made these methods extremely easy to use in practical situations. This is turn has prompted researchers to re-examine the underlying theory with renewed interest. The Theory of Critical Distances begins with a general introduction to the phenomena of mechanical failure in materials: a basic understanding of solid mechanics and materials engineering is assumed, though appropriate introductory references are provided where necessary. After a simple explanation of how to use critical distance methods, and a more detailed exposition of the methods including their history and classification, the book continues by showing examples of how critical distance approaches can be applied to predict fracture and fatigue in different classes of materials. Subsequent chapters include some more complex theoretical areas, such as multiaxial loading and contact problems, and a range of practical examples using case studies of real engineering components taken from the author's own consultancy work. The Theory of Critical Distances will be of interest to a range of readers, from academic researchers concerned with the theoretical basis of the subject, to industrial engineers who wish to incorporate the method into modern computer-aided design and analysis. - Comprehensive collection of published data, plus new data from the author's own laboratories - A simple 'how-to-do-it' exposition of the method, plus examples and case studies - Detailed theoretical treatment - Covers all classes of materials: metals, polymers, ceramics and composites - Includes fracture, fatigue, fretting, size effects and multiaxial loading
My wife Tatyana, daughter Mariya, son Alexandr It is well known that the mixed-mode conditions appear when the direction of the applied loading does not coincide with the orthogonal K,-Kn-Km space. In general, in the industrial practice the mixed-mode fracture and the mixed-mode crack growth are more likely to be considered the rule than the exception. Miller et al. considers that cracks can grow due to a mixture of processes (ductile and brittle), mechanisms (static, fatigue, creep) and loading modes (tension, torsion, biax ial/multiaxial). Additionally mixed-mode crack-extension can be affected by many other considerations such as artifact geometry (thin plates, thick shells, and the size, shape and orientation of the defect), environmental effects (temperature, gaseous and liquid surroundings), material state (crystallographic structure, heat treatment and route of manufacture) and stress conditions (out-of-phase and ran dom loading effects). The main feature of the mixed-mode fracture is that the crack growth would no longer take place in a self-similar manner and does not follow a universal trajec tory that is it will grow on a curvilinear path. There are various fracture criteria, which predict the behavior of cracks in brittle and ductile materials loaded in combined modes. Linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) criteria predict basi cally the same direction for crack propagation. Cracks in brittle materials have been shown to propagate normal to the maximum tangential stress. In ductile ma terials yielding occurs at the crack tip and LEFM is no longer applicable.
This book presents the unified fatigue life prediction equation for low/medium/high cycle fatigue of metallic materials relevant to plain materials and notched components. The unified fatigue life prediction equation is the Wöhler equation, in which the "stress-based intensity parameter" is calculated based on the linear-elastic analysis. A local approach for the static fracture analysis for notched components is presented based on the notch linear-elastic stress field. In the local approach, a stress intensity parameter is taken as a stress-based intensity parameter. Experimental verifications show that the local approach is also suited for the static fracture analysis for notched components made of ductile materials. The book is also concerned with a material failure problem under the multiaxial stress states. A concept of the material intensity parameter is introduced in this book. It is a material property parameter that depends on both Mode-I fracture toughness and Mode-II (or Mode-III) fracture toughness and the multiaxial parameter to characterize the variation of the material failure resistance (notch fracture toughness) with the multiaxial stresses states. The failure condition to assess mixed-mode fracture of notched (or cracked) components is stated as the stress-based intensity parameter being equal to the material intensity parameter. With respect to the traditional S-N equation, a similar S-N equation is presented and verified to have high accuracy. This book will be of interest to professionals in the field of fatigue and fracture for both brittle and ductile materials.
This book provides practicing engineers, researchers, and students with a working knowledge of the fatigue design process and models under multiaxial states of stress and strain. Readers are introduced to the important considerations of multiaxial fatigue that differentiate it from uniaxial fatigue.
Many people find the concept of fracture and damage mechanics to be somewhat problematic, mainly because, until recently, close attention in mechanics was focused especially on the strength and resistance of materials. In this sense, to speak of fracture is as uncomfortable for some as it is to speak of a deadly disease. In confronting and preventing a fatal disease, one must understand its complexity, symptoms, and behavior; by the same token, in securing the strength of an engineering structure, one must understand the reasons and type of its potential failure. This book will provide knowledge and insights on this matter to its readers.
Written by a leading researcher in the field, this revised and updated second edition of a highly successful book provides an authoritative, comprehensive and unified treatment of the mechanics and micromechanisms of fatigue in metals, non-metals and composites. The author discusses the principles of cyclic deformation, crack initiation and crack growth by fatigue, covering both microscopic and continuum aspects. The book begins with discussions of cyclic deformation and fatigue crack initiation in monocrystalline and polycrystalline ductile alloys as well as in brittle and semi-/non-crystalline solids. Total life and damage-tolerant approaches are then introduced in metals, non-metals and composites followed by more advanced topics. The book includes an extensive bibliography and a problem set for each chapter, together with worked-out example problems and case studies. This will be an important reference for anyone studying fracture and fatigue in materials science and engineering, mechanical, civil, nuclear and aerospace engineering, and biomechanics.
Contains papers from three symposia at the November 1996 congress. Sections on structures and materials for aerospace vehicles, adaptive structures and material systems, and micro-electro-mechanical systems include section introductions, and present the latest research.