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We know more about cancer prevention, detection, and treatment than ever beforeâ€"yet not all segments of the U.S. population have benefited to the fullest extent possible from these advances. Some ethnic minorities experience more cancer than the majority population, and poor peopleâ€"no matter what their ethnicityâ€"often lack access to adequate cancer care. This book provides an authoritative view of cancer as it is experienced by ethnic minorities and the medically underserved. It offers conclusions and recommendations in these areas: Defining and understanding special populations, and improving the collection of cancer-related data. Setting appropriate priorities for and increasing the effectiveness of specific National Institutes of Health (NIH) research programs, to ensure that special populations are represented in clinical trials. Disseminating research results to health professionals serving these populations, with sensitivity to the issues of cancer survivorship. The book provides background data on the nation's struggle against cancer, activities and expenditures of the NIH, and other relevant topics.
Resistance to therapies, both targeted and systemic, and metastases to distant organs are the underlying causes of breast cancer-associated mortality. The second edition of Breast Cancer Metastasis and Drug Resistance brings together some of the leading experts to comprehensively understand breast cancer: the factors that make it lethal, and current research and clinical progress. This volume covers the following core topics: basic understanding of breast cancer (statistics, epidemiology, racial disparity and heterogeneity), metastasis and drug resistance (bone metastasis, trastuzumab resistance, tamoxifen resistance and novel therapeutic targets, including non-coding RNAs, inflammatory cytokines, cancer stem cells, ubiquitin ligases, tumor microenvironment and signaling pathways such as TRAIL, JAK-STAT and mTOR) and recent developments in the field (epigenetic regulation, microRNAs-mediated regulation, novel therapies and the clinically relevant 3D models). Experts also discuss the advances in laboratory research along with their translational and clinical implications with an overarching goal to improve the diagnosis and prognosis, particularly that of breast cancer patients with advanced disease.
Minorities and Cancer broadly surveys the problem of cancer in minority communities. Leading epidemiologists discuss cancer incidence and mortality in minority populations, including black Americans, Hispanics, American Indians, and Asian Americans. Major sections review cancer prevention and detection programs available to the private practice physician and the community, research findings on cancer in minority groups, and cancer treatment. The final chapters summarize the problem and its possible solutions as perceived by leaders at the American Cancer Society, the National Cancer Institute, the Office of Minority Health Affairs of the Department of Health and Human Services, and Meharry Medical College, a leading minority medical school in the United States.
In the course of the 20th century, cancer went from being perceived as a white woman's nemesis to a "democratic disease" to a fearsome threat in communities of color. Drawing on film and fiction, on medical and epidemiological evidence, and on patients' accounts, Keith Wailoo tracks this transformation in cancer awareness, revealing how not only awareness, but cancer prevention, treatment, and survival have all been refracted through the lens of race.Spanning more than a century, the book offers a sweeping account of the forces that simultaneously defined cancer as an intensely individualized and personal experience linked to whites, often categorizing people across the color line as racial types lacking similar personal dimensions. Wailoo describes how theories of risk evolved with changes in women's roles, with African-American and new immigrant migration trends, with the growth of federal cancer surveillance, and with diagnostic advances, racial protest, and contemporary health activism. The book examines such powerful and transformative social developments as the mass black migration from rural south to urban north in the 1920s and 1930s, the World War II experience at home and on the war front, and the quest for civil rights and equality in health in the 1950s and '60s. It also explores recent controversies that illuminate the diversity of cancer challenges in America, such as the high cancer rates among privileged women in Marin County, California, the heavy toll of prostate cancer among black men, and the questions about why Vietnamese-American women's cervical cancer rates are so high.A pioneering study, How Cancer Crossed the Color Line gracefully documents how race and gender became central motifs in the birth of cancer awareness, how patterns and perceptions changed over time, and how the "war on cancer" continues to be waged along the color line.
We know more about cancer prevention, detection, and treatment than ever beforeâ€"yet not all segments of the U.S. population have benefited to the fullest extent possible from these advances. Some ethnic minorities experience more cancer than the majority population, and poor peopleâ€"no matter what their ethnicityâ€"often lack access to adequate cancer care. This book provides an authoritative view of cancer as it is experienced by ethnic minorities and the medically underserved. It offers conclusions and recommendations in these areas: Defining and understanding special populations, and improving the collection of cancer-related data. Setting appropriate priorities for and increasing the effectiveness of specific National Institutes of Health (NIH) research programs, to ensure that special populations are represented in clinical trials. Disseminating research results to health professionals serving these populations, with sensitivity to the issues of cancer survivorship. The book provides background data on the nation's struggle against cancer, activities and expenditures of the NIH, and other relevant topics.
Originally published in 2005. The prevention, detection and treatment of cancer has received enormous scientific and clinical attention in the US and in other developed countries. However, there has been no comprehensive review of the racial/ethnic disparities in cancer among elders, nor the opportunities for cancer prevention within the Medicare population. In this important work, John A. Capitman, Sarita Bhalotra and Mathilda Ruwe address this deficiency. The evidence report summarized in this book offers systematic syntheses of prior published research and qualitative assessments of emerging approaches in order to illustrate and clarify some of the debates surrounding cancer disparities. Based on a large-scale US government-funded review of existing literature and case studies of model programs by a multidisciplinary team, this key work: * Provides a comprehensive approach to cancer etiology and prevalence among older people; * Integrates genetic, epidemiological, medical care, health services research and social science interpretive frames and current knowledge for cancer control; * Explores existing research on reduction in cancer risks through lifestyle modification and the potential applicability of this research to elders of color; * Explores the implementation experiences of model programs to reduce cancer care inequalities * Develops a conceptual framework of cancer detection and treatment systems across multiple anatomical cancer sites; * Examines opportunities for screening, treatment and follow-up service enhancement for elders of color; * Fills gaps in current published systematic reviews with respect to older people.
There has been remarkable progress in understanding, preventing, detecting, diagnosing, and treating cancer, resulting in a reduction of cancer incidence and mortality in the United States. Despite this, the cancer burden varies considerably by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status. Cancer incidence rates vary markedly between racial/ethnic groups, but even more startling are the differences in outcome across groups. Cancer Disparities: Causes and Evidence-Based Solutions helps readers understand the scope and causes of this inequity by providing a detailed analysis of the many factors that result in cancer disparities across the cancer continuum, including the role of race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, access to and use of services, insurance status, geographic variables, and differences in treatment provided to patients. Further, it is the first book to describe evidence-based, concrete solutions that can be used to reduce or even eliminate cancer health disparities. Fifteen previously unpublished studies of interventions designed specifically to achieve health equality are described. These studies focus on contextually and culturally appropriate strategies to enhance cancer prevention, screening and early detection, treatment, symptom management, and quality of life in underserved populations.
Minorities and Cancer broadly surveys the problem of cancer in minority communities. Leading epidemiologists discuss cancer incidence and mortality in minority populations, including black Americans, Hispanics, American Indians, and Asian Americans. Major sections review cancer prevention and detection programs available to the private practice physician and the community, research findings on cancer in minority groups, and cancer treatment. The final chapters summarize the problem and its possible solutions as perceived by leaders at the American Cancer Society, the National Cancer Institute, the Office of Minority Health Affairs of the Department of Health and Human Services, and Meharry Medical College, a leading minority medical school in the United States.