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Many states recognize the additional cost of educating poor students and the struggle of poor districts to adequately fund the needs of their students. States have used a variety of strategies to address these problems. This report determines: (1) the size of the gap in total (state and local combined) funding between poor and wealthy school districts for each state, (2) the key factors that affect the size of states' funding gaps, and (3) the effect of states' school finance policies on the funding gap. In addition, it describes the implications of this information for state policies. Over 100 charts, tables, and graphs.
Spending on K-12 education across the United States and across local school districts has long been characterized by great disparitiesâ€"disparities that reflect differences in property wealth and tax rates. For more than a quarter-century, reformers have attempted to reduce these differences through court challenges and legislative action. As part of a broad study of education finance, the committee commissioned eight papers examining the history and consequences of school finance reform undertaken in the name of equity and adequacy. This thought-provoking, timely collection of papers explores such topics as: What do the terms "equity" and "adequacy" in school finance really mean? How are these terms relevant to the politics and litigation of school finance reform? What is the impact of court-ordered school finance reform on spending disparities? How do school districts use money from finance reform? What policy options are available to states facing new challenges from court decisions mandating adequacy in school finance? When measuring adequacy, how do you consider differences in student needs and regional costs?
This report reviews the experiences of selected states that had recently reformed their school finance systems to make them more equitable. The reforms to the school finance systems and the legal, budgetary, and political pressures the state legislature faced in making the revisions are examined. The general impact of the legislative remedy in addressing disparities in educational funding is reviewed. Charts, tables and graphs.