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A detailed and timely overview of recent developments in active quasi-optical arrays In recent years, active quasi-optics has emerged as one of the most dynamic fields of contemporary research—a highly unconventional approach to microwave and millimeter-wave power generation that integrates solid-state devices into a single quasi-optical component in which all devices operate in unison. This book defines and describes active quasi-optical arrays, reviews the current state of the art, and answers numerous basic and technical questions on the design, analysis, and application of these devices. The contributors to this volume are leading researchers in the field who present results and views from government, industrial, and university laboratories and offer a balanced discussion on a high technical level. They also offer insight into the applicability and commercial value of this technology for military systems, manufacturing processes, communications, and consumer products. Topics presented include: Analysis and design methodologies for quasi-optical active arrays Power-added and power-combining efficiencies of quasi-optical amplifier arrays Phase-shifterless beam steering in oscillator and amplifier arrays Integrating quasi-optical active components into a compact subsystem Design and fabrication of quasi-optical oscillators, amplifiers, multipliers, and tuners Characterization and measurement of quasi-optical components
"Whether communications, radar, transportation, or defense drives your interest in solid-state devices at microwave and millimeter-wave frequencies, this ready reference book provides you with a useful review of quasi-optical power combining and active integrated antennas. Brought to you in one convenient volume are key reprinted papers from leading experts in microwave technology. Their valuable perspectives range from the most current advances to historical developments. Included as a special feature is an invited paper, never-before-published, which presents an overview of quasi-optical power combining by noted authority J.W. Mink and colleagues. You will discover other helpful highlighted topics such as: * Transmitting and receiving active antennas * Spatial power combining oscillators * Spatial combining amplifiers * Beam control * Active integrated antennas and quasi-optical systems * Analysis and CAD * Emerging technologies-two dimensional quasi-optics" Sponsored by: IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society.
Individual semiconductor devices can not output the power required for many future millimeter-wave systems. During this three year contract we have investigated an innovative way of coherently combining the outputs of a large number of semiconductor devices as a means of generating high power millimeter- wave signals. The combiner consists of a 2-D array of free running oscillators integrated into radiating antennas. Inter-element coupling in the array acts to lock all the elements together in-phase. Arrays of Gunn diodes and MESFETs have been built and will be described.
Keywords: horn antennas, dual polarization, spatial power combining, phased arrays, beam steering, microstrip antennas.
The research described in this report was based on concepts advanced earlier by Dr. James W. Mink, then of the Army Research Office. His analyses for quasi-optical power combining from solid-state source arrays have formed a strong basis for a number of investigations in this field in recent years. Previous studies dealt with microwave arrays, while the present one was the first to deal with millimeter-wave arrays of FETs and HEMTs. Dr. Mink served as the A.R.O. technical monitor for the majority of this project, and the authors would like to express appreciation for his advice and contributions.
At millimeter wavelength, spatial power combining techniques offer a viable approach to realize compact, reliable, lightweight, robust, higher-power and economical systems This work focus on the tray based perpendicularly fed array systems, several design issues such as bandwidth improvement, power combining efficiency, dual polarity and beam steering were addressed in this thesis. A broadband tray based spatial power amplifier that employs dielectrically filled miniature horn arrays was investigated. Bandwidth improvement was achieved by replacing the patch arrays of an earlier design with the broadband dielectrically filled miniature horn arrays. This 5x5 spatial power amplifier with miniature horn arrays has a 3dB bandwidth of 1.32 GHz (13%), which is more than 4.5 times the 3 dB bandwidth of the perpendicularly fed patch array spatial power amplifier. This work presents experimental and numerical investigations on a 49-element Ka-band amplifier array. This study is aimed at determining the origin of various losses in the amplifier array. Passive simulation data confirms that the load seen by the active devices is well matched and that most of the power is coupled to the LSE10 mode. This means that coherent power combining should take place if there is no phase and amplitude variation due to the active devices and phase correcting dielectric lenses. This thesis presents a single aperture multibeam spatial power combining system that can support two separate polarizations. A Rotman lens is used as the power dividing network, which also has the ability to scan the beam over discrete angles. 1x9 dual polarized array was designed to demonstrate the beam steering in azimuth plane. The entire system is designed for the Ka band, with a center frequency of 32.6GHz. Through simulations and measurements, a "30 degree scan range was achieved for the horizontal and vertical polarizations. The cross polarization for both the vertical and horizontal polarization ports was.
About 60 GHz IMPATT oscillator array with pulsed operation, photoconductive sampling with an integrated loop, GaInAs MSM photodetectors with Cu Schottky contacts, and multi-laser phase-locked loops.