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On Sept. 14, 2001, Pres. Bush proclaimed that a national emergency existed by reason of the 9/11 terrorist attacks. Under Sect. 12302 of title 10, U.S. Code, the Pres. is allowed to call up to 1 million Nat. Guard and Reserve members to active duty for up to 2 years. The GAO was asked to review issues related to the call-up of reservists following 9/11. GAO examined (1) whether the DoD followed existing operation plans when mobilizing forces; (2) the extent to which responsible officials had visibility over the mobilization process; and (3) approaches the services have taken to provide predictability to reservists. Also determined the extent to which the Ready Reserve forces, which make up over 98% of non-retired reservists, were available. Makes recommendations.
Military Personnel: DOD Actions Needed to Improve the Efficiency of Mobilizations for Reserve Forces
DOD has made progress capturing employment information on its reservists since August 2005, but several challenges remain. In August 2004, DOD changed employer reporting by reservists from voluntary to mandatory. The number of reservists reporting employer information to DOD increased from 60 percent in August 2005 to about 77 percent in August 2006. However, we found that reservists have not fully reported civilian employment information, reported employment data are not necessarily current, and DOD s employer verification process is not adequate. Complete and current civilian employer information is important to DOD for several reasons, including its ability to provide sufficient outreach to employers. In August 2004, DOD established a 95 percent goal for reporting employment information for the Selected Reserve and a 75 percent reporting goal for the Individual Ready Reserve and Inactive National Guard. As of August 2006, about 91 percent of Selected Reserve members had reported this information, whereas only 30 percent of Individual Ready Reserve or Inactive National Guard Members with good addresses had complied. Currently, the Army Reserve has met the Selected Reserve reporting goal and the Army National Guard has met the Inactive National Guard reporting goal and nearly met the Selected Reserve goal, while the other reserve components have met neither goal. Moreover, DOD does not have specific time frames for when reserve components are to achieve their reporting goals, and has not directed the service components to take actions to assure compliance. In addition, the DOD instructions requires reservists to update their employment information when changes occur; however, during focus groups we found that reservists generally were not aware of the need to update employer information when employers changed.
The report examines the cultural characteristics, primary institutional goals, and competitive strategies exhibited by the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, and U.S. Special Operations Command.
The U.S. military has been continuously engaged in foreign conflicts for over two decades. The strains that these deployments, the associated increases in operational tempo, and the general challenges of military life affect not only service members but also the people who depend on them and who support them as they support the nation â€" their families. Family members provide support to service members while they serve or when they have difficulties; family problems can interfere with the ability of service members to deploy or remain in theater; and family members are central influences on whether members continue to serve. In addition, rising family diversity and complexity will likely increase the difficulty of creating military policies, programs and practices that adequately support families in the performance of military duties. Strengthening the Military Family Readiness System for a Changing American Society examines the challenges and opportunities facing military families and what is known about effective strategies for supporting and protecting military children and families, as well as lessons to be learned from these experiences. This report offers recommendations regarding what is needed to strengthen the support system for military families.