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Lieutenant Colonel C. William Fox, Jr., a physician who has had extensive experience in U.S. activities in Africa over the past two decades, has personally supervised operations that have considerable potential as models for future regional involvement. In this publication, he offers a rationale and vision for future DoD activities in Africa. His account also serves to remind us that substantial strategic benefits can accrue to the United States even from small, tailored teams deployed under creative, energetic leaders.
Although the United States may not have vital interests in Africa, the entire world (including the United States) does have an interest in regional stability, economic development, and unfettered commercial and military access throughout Africa. But most important is disease monitoring and prevention since tropical Africa is one of the "hot zones" from which devastatingly lethal diseases can emerge with little or no warning. For this reason, the author offers rationale for future DoD activities in Africa. He reminds us that substantial benefits can be received even from small, tailored teams if employed under creative, energetic leaders.
Although the United States may not have vital interests in Africa, the entire world (including the United States) does have an interest in regional stability, economic development, and unfettered commercial and military access throughout Africa. But most important is disease monitoring and prevention since tropical Africa is one of the "hot zones" from which devastatingly lethal diseases can emerge with little or no warning. For this reason, the author offers rationale for future DoD activities in Africa. He reminds us that substantial benefits can be received even from small, tailored teams if employed under creative, energetic leaders.
Few regions have seen more tragedy in the post-Cold War worlds than parts of sub-Saharan Africa, a region remarkable for the number of external military interventions in the 199Os. The United States has conducted a wide variety of military involvements in the region over the past decade. While humanitarian relief and peace operations have generated the most publicity, other more routine military relationships and activities are of far greater long-term significance. Taken as a whole, U.S. policy in Africa tends to be reactive rather than proactive. This severely undermines its ability to protect the nation's regional interests. Unwillingness to attenuate regional problems in the their early stages leads to expensive crisis interventions. More effective use of military involvements would entail greater effort to shape the regional security environment. In order to improve the value of its African military involvements, the United States should, among other things, develop a coherent "National Security Strategy for Africa," create a unified command (or "sub" command) with sole responsibility for the region and develop mechanisms for objectively measuring the value (to U.S. regional interests) of specific nation assistance programs.
Four articles include: U.S. national interests in Sub-Saharan Africa; a military model for conflict resolution in Sub-Saharan Africa; phantom warriors: disease as a threat to U.S. national security; and military downsizing in the developing world: process, problems, and possibilities. Also includes a 24-page report, "U.S. Security Strategy for Sub-Saharan Africa" (1995).
The authors examine the African Crisis Response Initiative (ACRI). While traditionally, the U.S. military has not been heavily involved in Sub-Saharan Africa, this has begun to change since the end of the Cold War. U.S. forces have supported several humanitarian relief and evacuation operations associated with African conflicts, conducted numerous 'engagement' activities aimed at assisting African states and their militaries during the transition to democracy, and helped Africans develop a capability to avoid or solve their region's security problems. They conclude with recommendations where U.S. national security interests can be promoted with limited resources.