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This book discusses part of the military-stability problem, notably the part relating to East-West relationships, which is becoming synonymous with military stability between the Soviet Union and NATO.
This paper sets out the issue of conventional force reductions in Europe as seen by a Canadian diplomat with long involvement in arms control. In a careful and balanced fashion, it outlines the key factors governing the West's policies, and indicates how they evolved, especially during the Mutual and Balanced Force Reductions negotiations. The paper focuses on the problems of surprise attack and geostrategic disparities between the two alliances, and then sets out Western thinking on such questions as verification and the long-term future of security in Europe. Canada's particular interests in this field are mentioned, and the paper concludes with an outline of the objectives that this country ought to pursue in the new, Conventional Armed Forces in Europe negotiations.
This paper sets out recommended options for initial NATO positions and tactics in the upcoming negotiations. It reviews past negotiations on conventional forces in Europe, highlighting developments that have significance for the new undertakings. It also discusses the mandates of the Conventional Stability Talks and the Conference on Confidence and Security Building Measures and Disarmament in Europe. The author also addresses the military and political factors which NATO must take into account when developing negotiating positions. Finally, the paper draws conclusions from the earlier discussion in this paper and sets out recommended Western negotiating positions, both substantive and tactical.
This benchmark study in the field of national security and weapons control was first published in 1961. Republished with a new preface providing the perspectives of 1985, it focuses on the world's military environment and analyzes how that environment may or may not be improved through political arms control efforts. The authors begin with a framework for understanding security, defense and arms control relationships. They also provide a framework for evaluating arms control proposals and for determining whether these proposals are in the security interests of the United States. ISBN 0-08-032391-X : $14.95 ; ISBN 0-08-032390-1 (pbk.) : $9.95.
The "balance (or imbalance) of conventional forces" is an expression of the degree to which the capabilities of the conventional military forces deployed by two sides are in some way equal. This balance is a central factor in determining the degree to which a given situation is stable. "Conventional stability" is a broader concept than balance; it also encompasses perceptions of the balance, differences in the nature of the operational tasks imposed on the forces of both sides, and other factors. Conventional stability rests on the degree to which both sides believe they could achieve their military objectives in wartime. The author suggests a new analytic framework relating measurements of military capabilities, balance assessment methodologies, and defense objectives to conventional stability. Application of the framework to the conventional balance in Europe suggests some tentative conclusions regarding the potential role of arms control in stabilizing the balance: the most productive use of arms control seems to be to decrease the offensive potential of the two sides' forces.
Can contemporary arms control keep pace with the rapid rate of change in both geopolitics and technology? While the challenges to future arms control point to a rocky road ahead, measures that build confidence, reduce miscalculation, enhance transparency, restrain costly and dangerous military competition, and offer useful mechanisms and venues for addressing sources of conflict will be of increasing value. For arms control tools to succeed, however, they must be adapted to the current security environment, account for rapidly evolving technological and informational factors, and consider alternative structures, modalities, and participation models. Indeed, now is the time for a recoupling of arms control with deterrence in a way that recognizes these new realities. Now is the time for integrated arms control that enhances stability, embraces plurality, and reinforces resiliency. This CSIS study examines the implication and prospects for the future of arms control in a highly competitive security environment in which challenges from advanced technologies and diminished state control over processes of verification become increasingly prominent features, even as the scope and modalities of arms control grow more complex and multifaceted. The report offers a reexamination of the broad contours of arms control and its role in managing competitive security risks and challenges and the implications for U.S. policymakers, academics, and strategic thinkers engaged in U.S. nuclear policy.
Being situated in the most densely armed region in the world, European states have appreciated the need to reduce military tensions between themselves. However, this book asks what impact conventional disarmament in Europe will have on the rest of the world.
For this study, a group of Russian authors were commissioned to describe and assess the arms trade policies and practices of Russia under new domestic and international conditions. The contributors, drawn from the government, industry, and academic communities, offer a wide range of reports on the political, military, economic, and industrial implications of Russian arms transfers, as well as specific case studies of key bilateral arms transfer relationships.