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By September 1998, the Defense Department (DOD) had completed actions on about 85 percent of the 451 recommendations made by the four base realignment and closure commissions. DOD declared about 464,000 acres of base property as excess. Forty-six percent of the unneeded property was to be kept by the federal government; 33 percent was slated for nonfederal users, such as state and local authorities or private parties; and the disposition of the rest was undecided. By 2001, DOD estimates that it will have spent $23 billion on base realignments and closures and saved $37 billion, for a net savings of $14 billion. Beyond 2001, when the last of the four rounds of base closures and realignments is complete, DOD expects to save $5.7 billion annually. However, the cost estimates omit some federally incurred costs, while the savings estimates have not been routinely updated and are thus imprecise. A major cost factor in base realignments and closures, as well as a major obstacle to the disposal of unneeded property, is the need for environmental cleanup at these bases. Available military data suggest that the total environmental cost will top $9 billion; the cleanup efforts, including monitoring, will extend well beyond 2001; and the potential for higher costs exists. Most communities adjoining closed bases are faring well economically in relation to the national average.
This report responds to your request that we review important issues associated with the four rounds of military base realignments and closures (BRAC) beginning in 1988. Through closure rounds in 1988, 1991, 1993, and 1995, the Department of Defense (DOD) expected to significantly reduce its domestic infrastructure and provide needed dollars for high-priority defense programs such as modernization. This report addresses (1) DOD'S progress in completing action on BRAC recommendations and transferring unneeded base property to other users, (2) the precision of DOD's estimates of BRAC costs and savings, (3) environmental cleanup progress and estimated associated costs, and (4) reported trends in economic recovery in communities affected by base closures.
As the Dept. of Defense (DoD) prepares for the 2005 base realignment & closure (BRAC) round, questions continue to be raised about the transfer & environmental cleanup of unneeded property arising from the prior 4 BRAC rounds & their impact on cost & savings & on local economies. This report describes DoD's progress in implementing prior BRAC post-closure actions. It addresses: (1) the transfer of unneeded base property to other users, (2) the magnitude of the net savings accruing from the prior rounds, (3) estimated costs for environmental cleanup of BRAC property, & (4) the economic recovery of communities affected by base closures. Charts & tables.