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Migrant Revolutions: Haitian Literature, Globalization, and U.S. Imperialism interprets Haitian literature in a transnational context of anti-colonial--and anti-globalization--politics. Positing a materialist and historicized account of Haitian literary modernity, it traces the themes of slavery, labor migration, diaspora, and revolution in works by Jacques Roumain, Marie Chauvet, Edwidge Danticat, and others. Author Valerie Kaussen argues that the sociocultural effects of U.S. imperialism have renewed and expanded the relevance of the universal political ideals that informed Haiti's eighteenth-century slave revolt and war of decolonization. Finally, Migrant Revolutions defines Haitian literary modernity as located at the forefront of the struggles against transnational empire and global colonialism.
Since the 1960s, overseas migration had become a major factor in the economy of the Philippines. It has also profoundly influenced the sense of nationhood of both migrants and nonmigrants. Migrant workers learned to view their home country as part of a plural world of nations, and they shaped a new sort of Filipino identity while appropriating the modernity of the outside world, where at least for a while they operated as insiders. The global nomadism of Filipino workers brought about some fundamental reorientations. It revolutionized Philippine society, reignited a sense of nationhood, imposed new demands on the state, reconfigured the class structure, and transnationalized class and other social relations, even as it deterritorialized the state and impacted the destinations of migrant workers. Philippine foreign policy now takes surprising turns in consideration of migrant workers and Filipinos living abroad. Many tertiary education institutions aim deliberately at the overseas employability of local graduates. And the "Fil-foreign" offspring of unions with partners from other nationalities add a new inflection to Filipino identity.
Migration in the Time of Revolution examines how two of the world's most populous countries interacted between 1945 and 1967, when the concept of citizenship was contested, political loyalty was in question, identity was fluid, and the boundaries of political mobilization were blurred. Taomo Zhou asks probing questions of this important period in the histories of the People's Republic of China and Indonesia. What was it like to be a youth in search of an ancestral homeland that one had never set foot in, or an economic refugee whose expertise in private business became undesirable in one's new home in the socialist state? What ideological beliefs or practical calculations motivated individuals to commit to one particular nationality while forsaking another? As Zhou demonstrates, the answers to such questions about "ordinary" migrants are crucial to a deeper understanding of diplomatic relations between the two countries. Through newly declassified documents from the Chinese Foreign Ministry Archives and oral history interviews, Migration in the Time of Revolution argues that migration and the political activism of the ethnic Chinese in Indonesia were important historical forces in the making of governmental relations between Beijing and Jakarta after World War II. Zhou highlights the agency and autonomy of individuals whose life experiences were shaped by but also helped shape the trajectory of bilateral diplomacy. These ethnic Chinese migrants and settlers were, Zhou contends, not passively acted upon but actively responding to the developing events of the Cold War. This book bridges the fields of diplomatic history and migration studies by reconstructing the Cold War in Asia as social processes from the ground up.
The Industrial Revolution brought important changes to America. People began migrating to cities for work, and immigrants began to arrive in American in larger numbers than ever before as they looked for new employment opportunities. Readers explore the impact of the Industrial Revolution on U.S. migration and immigration patterns. As readers learn about essential social studies curriculum topics, engaging historical images and detailed primary sources hold their interest. This transformative period in American history comes alive for readers with each turn of the page.
Restores the region’s fraught history of repression and resistance to popular consciousness and connects the United States’ interventions and influence to the influx of refugees seeking asylum today. At the center of the current immigration debate are migrants from Central America fleeing poverty, corruption, and violence in search of refuge in the United States. In Central America’s Forgotten History, Aviva Chomsky answers the urgent question “How did we get here?” Centering the centuries-long intertwined histories of US expansion and Indigenous and Central American struggles against inequality and oppression, Chomsky highlights the pernicious cycle of colonial and neocolonial development policies that promote cultures of violence and forgetting without any accountability or restorative reparations. Focusing on the valiant struggles for social and economic justice in Guatemala, Nicaragua, El Salvador, and Honduras, Chomsky restores these vivid and gripping events to popular consciousness. Tracing the roots of displacement and migration in Central America to the Spanish conquest and bringing us to the present day, she concludes that the more immediate roots of migration from El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras lie in the wars and in the US interventions of the 1980s and the peace accords of the 1990s that set the stage for neoliberalism in Central America. Chomsky also examines how and why histories and memories are suppressed, and the impact of losing historical memory. Only by erasing history can we claim that Central American countries created their own poverty and violence, while the United States’ enjoyment and profit from their bananas, coffee, mining, clothing, and export of arms are simply unrelated curiosities.
We have lost the plot when it comes to migration. In our collective consciousness, the term 'migration' conjures up images of hordes of refugees fleeing 'their' country, escaping on rafts and coming to invade 'ours'. When we think of migration, we think of (largely unwanted) immigration and its ills. We've got it all wrong. Far from being abnormal, the act of going in search of a better life is at the core of the human experience. And now a new kind of nomad is emerging. What used to be a movement largely from east to west, south to north, developing to developed country is becoming more of a multilateral phenomenon with each passing day. Young people from everywhere are moving everywhere. Or rather, they are moving to where they expect to improve their lives and are turning the world into a beauty contest of cities and regions and companies vying to attract them. They are doing so because movement has become a key to their emancipation. After centuries of becoming sedentary, the future of humanity and the key to its enlightenment in the 21st century lies in re-embracing nomadism. Migration fosters the qualities that will allow our children to flourish and succeed. Our times require more migration, not less. Part memoir, part generational manifesto, The New Nomad is both the chronicle of this revolution and a call to embrace it.
Studies on exile in the 19th century tend to be restricted to national histories. This volume is the first to offer a broader view by looking at French, Italian, Hungarian, Polish, Czech and German political refugees who fled to England after the European revolutions of 1848/49. The contributors examine various aspects of their lives in exile such as their opportunities for political activities, the forms of political cooperation that existed between exiles from different European countries on the one hand and with organizations and politicians in England on the other and, finally, the attitude of the host country towards the refugees, and their perceptions of the country which had granted them asylum. Sabine Freitag is Research Fellow at the German Historical Institute in London. Rudolf Muhs is Lecturer in German History at the University of London (Royal Holloway).
Includes statistics.
December 17, 2010 - January 14, 2011. These dates have been fixed as the beginning and completion of a revolution which took the world by surprise, opening up a sudden and peculiar spatial upheaval. Mohamed Bouazizi's gesture, setting himself on fire, was an extreme one. Immediately following this act, squares and streets started to fill up, from Tunisia to Tahrir square, to Sana'a, to Tripoli and to Damascus. The revolutions that originated were revolutions against political dictatorships and against dictatorship over people's lives, against the way poverty was rendered invisible and against unbearable existences. These revolutionary struggles staged an unprecedented capacity for common action based on a logic of 'spatial takeover.' These existences decided to stand up and be counted, taking over streets, squares, Kasbas, medinas, taking up their freedom, the freedom to be, to go, to be noticed at last. They did so forming an uncontainable movement, from Tunis to Cairo, from Maghreb to Mashreq. From Tunisia to Europe. These 'Arab Revolutions' and, the one that sparked in Tunisia in particular, have not followed just one direction in their 'spatial takeover.' They have also managed to fill a series of European spaces with existences and bodies: streets, islands, stations, parks; from Lampedusa to Paris, crossing the sea in an unexpected and sudden capacity to unify two shores and two continents, hence erasing centuries of history, acting on and performing the 'natural' proximity of these shores. Spaces in Migration: Postcards of a Revolution attempts to rearticulate some of the images of what happened starting from December 17, 2010, sketching a necessarily fragmented story, a series of postcards, and piecing together fragments of before- and after- moments, following the spaces in migration of this revolution. 'Spaces in Migration is a compelling read, which brings together a plethora of voices while making a decisive intervention in debates about migration in the wake of the Tunisian revolution. Voices that sorely need to be heard find space in this book. Deftly combining analysis with rich empirical detail, the authors succeed in highlighting critical dimensions of the revolution as well as key problems of contemporary migration and humanitarian regimes.' - Vicki Squire, Associate Professor of International Security, University of Warwick, UK 'Spaces in Migration is an intellectual eruption - the eruption of the Arab Spring, and the Tunisian Revolution in particular, into the critical study of migration and borders. Combining the very nuanced analyses of the Italian scholar-activist contributors with the transcripts of their interviews with Tunisian migrants and their families, and also with refugees from various African countries encamped in the borderzone between Libya and Tunisia, this book provides a poignant exploration of how the autonomous subjectivity of migrants can radically destabilize the logics of border control.' - Nicholas De Genova, co-editor of The Deportation Regime: Sovereignty, Space, and the Freedom of Movement (Duke University Press, 2010)