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A practical, hands-on guide to using the microscope to analyze activated sludge in wastewater treatment The microscope provides the wastewater treatment plant operator with a special tool for process control and troubleshooting of the activated sludge process. The operator can "read" the organisms and use them as "bioindicators" to determine if operational conditions are acceptable or not acceptable. Written for plant operators and technicians and avoiding unnecessary technical jargon, Microscopic Examination of the Activated Sludge Process explores and explains: Microscopy, including microscopic measurements and techniques Directions for preparing and applying microbiological stains and immobilizing agents and techniques for preparing wet mounts and smears How to identify various types of organisms, including: floc particles and foam; protozoa; rotifers; worms and worm-like organisms; crustaceans; filamentous organisms; and algae and fungi The collection, evaluation, and presentation of observations This straightforward guide includes figures, tables, worksheets, photomicrographs, and black-and-white drawings of many living, microscopic components of the activated sludge process. It equips plant operators and technicians to monitor, regulate, and troubleshoot the treatment processes and also serves as a valuable resource for research professionals and sanitary engineers in wastewater treatment.
Certain types of waste are plagued by filamentous bacteria. Rountine monitoring of the activates sludge floc can observe the build up of such bacteria which can indicate the onset of bulking or foaming, and can suggest control strategies to minimise the impact of such an incident. Microscopic examination of the sludge is a valuable tool for efficient water plant operation, and most plants have microscopes for this purpose. Most plant operators, however, do not have the biological background to use this facility to its full potential. If a few basic rules are followed, a lot of valuable information can be quickly obtained. This handbook shows how to carry out a monitoring programme, interpret the results, and take necessary steps to minimise the impact of a bulking incident.
This title is only available as a free copy to download from the WaterWiki. To download your free copy of the eBook, click here. The manual can be used independantly but when used in combination with the CD-ROM, it makes a unique tool for process operators to diagnose and solve operational problems. It is also a valuable educational and training package for universities and post experience courses. Click here for more details about the CD-ROM Process stability and final effluent quality largely depend upon the composition of the biomass in an activated sludge plant. Operational problems such as bulking and scum formation occur when the wrong micro-organisms are dominating the sludge population. Microscopic sludge investigation is therefore essential for process control and stable plant operation. The manual outlines the theoretical framework, extensively illustrated with full-colour micrographs. Contents Microscopy Microscopic sludge investigation Characteristics of activated sludge flocs Filamentous micro-organisms Protozoa and metazoa Conclusions of microscopic sludge investigation The activated sludge process Operational problems Bulking sludge Scum formation
Activated Sludge Separation Problems: Theory, Control Measures, Practical Experiences, Second Edition, describes the most common activated sludge separation problems and explains the main reasons for the growth of the different filamentous microorganisms in activated sludge. The book summarizes the identification techniques for important groups of activated sludge microorganisms both based on conventional microscopic analysis and using the biological molecular tools available today (FISH and PCR). This new edition, with 70% new and updated material, also provides explanation of basic activated sludge process principles and of parameters necessary for process control and operation. The theory of secondary clarifies is described to the extent necessary for understanding the construction and operation of secondary clarifiers. The activated sludge reactor and secondary clarifies are treated as one system and the interactions are explained. The wide range of experiences around the world is documented and the methods to avoid the proliferation of these organisms are presented and critically reviewed. Activated Sludge Separation Problems consists of six chapters, presenting up-to-date technical and scientific aspects of these processes. The new edition also features an extended list of literature references for further reading. The book will be a valuable help for students of environmental engineering, wastewater specialists, plant operators and designers of activated sludge plants. It is also useful for specialists in wastewater operation laboratories, especially for those studying activated sludge separation properties.
Particle size distribution of the particulates is an essential characteristic of the wastewater quality. Particle size distribution has been used to predict COD, suspended solids, color, and turbidity. The understanding of particle size distribution contributed to the better understanding of soluble and particulate COD fractions and benefited the modeling of activated sludge process. Particle size distribution of wastewater particles was used to improve the understanding of both primary treatment and secondary treatment. Particle size of activated sludge flocs may affect key sludge handling processes including sedimentation, thickening, digestion, and dewatering. Particle size distribution of secondary effluent is also an important consideration for the design of tertiary treatment such as filtration and disinfection. Several design and operational parameters, e.g. mixing, aeration, flocculation, and SRT, may affect particle size distribution of activated sludge. Previous results strongly suggest that SRT is an important parameter affecting particle size distribution in activated sludge process. However, direct comparison of different wastewater treatment plants could not rule out possible confounders such as sheer force in aeration basin, doses of coagulants, and variation of organic loadings. The objective of this study is to investigate particle size distribution of activated sludge flocs under different SRTs and treatment processes. Particle size distribution of lab-scale MLE reactor and IFAS reactor were studied under various SRTs and carbon sources. Five full-scale wastewater treatment plants were surveyed for detailed understanding of the change of particle size distribution from raw wastewater to secondary effluent. Chapter 2 investigates the impact of SRT on particle size distribution, sludge settleability, effluent turbidity, and removals of COD and NH4+-N. A MLE reactor is established with 16L of operational volume. Settling test, water quality analyses, and microscopic examination are applied to evaluate the impact of different SRTs. Particle size of activated sludge flocs are analyzed at different controlled SRTs. Particles with different size ranges were evaluated at various SRTs. Chapter 3 focuses on the impact of SRT on particle size distribution, sludge settleability, effluent turbidity, and removals of COD, NH4+-N in a lab-scale Integrated Fixed Film Activated Sludge (IFAS) reactor. Chapter 3 further investigates the impact of difference carbon sources (Glucose vs. Sodium Acetate) on particle size distribution and reactor performance in the IFAS reactor. Settling test, water quality analyses, and microscopic examination are applied to evaluate the impact of different SRTs. Particle size distribution of the mixed liquor in the IFAS reactor is compared with that in MLE reactor operated at similar SRTs for suspended solids. Chapter 4 surveys particle size distribution in 5 full-scale WWTPs with different SRTs and treatment processes in the Los Angeles County. Particles size distribution profiles from primary influent to secondary effluent are fully evaluated. The relationship between SRT and particle size of activated sludge in biological process and sedimentation process are studied in detail.
Activated sludge is the most widely used biological wastewater treatment process in the world, both for domestic and industrial purposes. This book reviews the major theoretical concepts and practical operational factors, and describes the complexities inherent in the process, which depends on a dense microbial population mixed in wastewater under specific aerobic conditions. It is an ideal reference source for scientists, and a useful troubleshooting guide for practicing engineers and plant operators.