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This book defines the architecture requirements and minimum system requirementsfor a computer system that is designed to become an open industry standard.These requirements provide a description of the devices, interfaces, and dataformats required to design and build a PowerPC-based computer. This standard isdesigned to provide software compatibility for several operating environments.Systems built to these requirements can use industry-standard componentscurrently found in IBM-compatible and Apple® Macintosh® personal computers. Thesesystems are expected to run various future versions of operating systemsincluding Apple Mac OSTM, IBM AIXTM and PowerPCTM Editions of IBM OS/2 Warp ConnectTM,Microsoft Windows NTTM Workstation, Novell NetwareTM, and SunSoft SolarisTM. This book is the primary source of information for anyone developing a hardwareplatform, an operating system, or hardware component to be part of thesestandard systems. It describes the hardware-to-operating-system interface thatis essential to anyone building hardware platforms and provides the minimumsystem configurations that platform designers must meet when building a standardplatform. Component manufacturers require this information to producecompatible chips and adapters to use on these platforms, and software developersrequire the information on mandatory functions and documented interfaces. The architecture is intended to support a range of PowerPC microprocessor-based system implementations including portable, desktop, and server classsystems, and allows multiple operating-system implementations across a widerange of environments and functions. This enables new hardware and softwareenhancements that are necessary for the development of improved userinterfaces, higher performance, and broader operating environments.
The two major themes of this book are: (1) to explain to computer science students what the hardware in a computer system does. Many computer scientists find difficulty in distinguishing what the electronic subsystems in a computer can do, from what a program can make them do. (2) To explain to engineers what a computer system does. Engineers find little difficulty in learning new digital electronic techniques, but they do have difficulty in understanding the wider picture of the overall system.
Using the popular, powerful, and easy-to-understand 68HC11 microprocessor as a representative example, this book provides a comprehensive introduction to the concepts, principles, and techniques of microprocessors and microprocessor based systems. Chapter topics include Number Systems and Codes, Digital Circuits, Memory Devices, Introduction to Computers, Microcomputer Structure and Operation, The Microprocessor: Heart of the Microcomputer, Programming the 68HC11 MPU, Input/Output Modes, and Input/Output Interfacing. For those interested in a career in electrical or computer engineering.
The aim of this book is to explain to high-performance computing (HPC) developers how to utilize the Intel® Xeon PhiTM series products efficiently. To that end, it introduces some computing grammar, programming technology and optimization methods for using many-integrated-core (MIC) platforms and also offers tips and tricks for actual use, based on the authors’ first-hand optimization experience. The material is organized in three sections. The first section, “Basics of MIC”, introduces the fundamentals of MIC architecture and programming, including the specific Intel MIC programming environment. Next, the section on “Performance Optimization” explains general MIC optimization techniques, which are then illustrated step-by-step using the classical parallel programming example of matrix multiplication. Finally, “Project development” presents a set of practical and experience-driven methods for using parallel computing in application projects, including how to determine if a serial or parallel CPU program is suitable for MIC and how to transplant a program onto MIC. This book appeals to two main audiences: First, software developers for HPC applications – it will enable them to fully exploit the MIC architecture and thus achieve the extreme performance usually required in biological genetics, medical imaging, aerospace, meteorology and other areas of HPC. Second, students and researchers engaged in parallel and high-performance computing – it will guide them on how to push the limits of system performance for HPC applications.
This book describes a specification, microarchitecture, VHDL implementation and evaluation of a SPARC v8 CPU with fine-grain multi-threading, called micro-threading. The CPU, named UTLEON3, is an alternative platform for exploring CPU multi-threading that is compatible with the industry-standard GRLIB package. The processor microarchitecture was designed to map in an efficient way the data-flow scheme on a classical von Neumann pipelined processing used in common processors, while retaining full binary compatibility with existing legacy programs.