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Destruction of habitat due to urban sprawl, pollution, and deforestation has caused population declines or even extinction of many of the world's approximately 2,600 snake species. Furthermore, misconceptions about snakes have made them among the most persecuted of all animals, despite the fact that less than a quarter of all species are venomous and most species are beneficial because they control rodent pests. It has become increasingly urgent, therefore, to develop viable conservation strategies for snakes and to investigate their importance as monitors of ecosystem health and indicators of habitat sustainability. In the first book on snakes written with a focus on conservation, editors Stephen J. Mullin and Richard A. Seigel bring together leading herpetologists to review and synthesize the ecology, conservation, and management of snakes worldwide. These experts report on advances in current research and summarize the primary literature, presenting the most important concepts and techniques in snake ecology and conservation. The common thread of conservation unites the twelve chapters, each of which addresses a major subdiscipline within snake ecology. Applied topics such as methods and modeling and strategies such as captive rearing and translocation are also covered. Each chapter provides an essential framework and indicates specific directions for future research, making this a critical reference for anyone interested in vertebrate conservation generally or for anyone implementing conservation and management policies concerning snake populations. Contributors: Omar Attum, Indiana University Southeast; Steven J. Beaupre, University of Arkansas; Xavier Bonnet, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Frank T. Burbrink, College of Staten Island-The City University of New York; Gordon M. Burghardt, University of Tennessee; Todd A. Castoe, University of Colorado; David Chiszar, University of Colorado; Michael E. Dorcas, Davidson College; Lara E. Douglas, University of Arkansas; Christopher L. Jenkins, Project Orianne, Ltd.; Glenn Johnson, State University of New York at Potsdam; Michael Hutchins, The Wildlife Society; Richard B. King, Northern Illinois University; Bruce A. Kingsbury, Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne; Thomas Madsen, University of Wollongong; Stephen J. Mullin, Eastern Illinois University; James B. Murphy, National Zoological Park; Charles R. Peterson, Idaho State University; Kent A. Prior, Parks Canada; Richard A. Seigel, Towson University; Richard Shine, University of Sydney; Kevin T. Shoemaker, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York; Patrick J. Weatherhead, University of Illinois; John D. Willson, University of Georgia
Offering coverage of a wide range of topics on snake reproduction and phylogeny, this comprehensive book discusses everything from primordial germ migration in developing embryos to semelparity (death after reproduction) in the aspic viper. Beginning with a review of the history of snake reproductive studies, it presents new findings on development
A precise and accessible presentation of linear model theory, illustrated with data examples Statisticians often use linear models for data analysis and for developing new statistical methods. Most books on the subject have historically discussed univariate, multivariate, and mixed linear models separately, whereas Linear Model Theory: Univariate, Multivariate, and Mixed Models presents a unified treatment in order to make clear the distinctions among the three classes of models. Linear Model Theory: Univariate, Multivariate, and Mixed Models begins with six chapters devoted to providing brief and clear mathematical statements of models, procedures, and notation. Data examples motivate and illustrate the models. Chapters 7-10 address distribution theory of multivariate Gaussian variables and quadratic forms. Chapters 11-19 detail methods for estimation, hypothesis testing, and confidence intervals. The final chapters, 20-23, concentrate on choosing a sample size. Substantial sets of excercises of varying difficulty serve instructors for their classes, as well as help students to test their own knowledge. The reader needs a basic knowledge of statistics, probability, and inference, as well as a solid background in matrix theory and applied univariate linear models from a matrix perspective. Topics covered include: A review of matrix algebra for linear models The general linear univariate model The general linear multivariate model Generalizations of the multivariate linear model The linear mixed model Multivariate distribution theory Estimation in linear models Tests in Gaussian linear models Choosing a sample size in Gaussian linear models Filling the need for a text that provides the necessary theoretical foundations for applying a wide range of methods in real situations, Linear Model Theory: Univariate, Multivariate, and Mixed Models centers on linear models of interval scale responses with finite second moments. Models with complex predictors, complex responses, or both, motivate the presentation.
Integrates the latest theory, methodology and applications related to the design and analysis of repeated measurement. The text covers a broad range of topics, including the analysis of repeated measures design, general crossover designs, and linear and nonlinear regression models. It also contains a 3.5 IBM compatible disk, with software to implement immediately the techniques.
A natural history of the jaguar that discusses its distribution, habitats, hunting and breeding characteristics, folklor, and the status and management of Arizona-Mexico borderland jaguars.
Featuring more than 475 full-color photographs and 182 maps, this comprehensive guide to the state's diverse herpetofauna makes accessible a wealth of information about 170 species of frogs, salamanders, crocodilians, lizards, snakes, and turtles, including species attributes, behavior, life cycles, habitat, and more.
The Timber Rattlesnake: Life History, Distribution, Status, and Conservation Action Plan was developed by a team of more than seventy-five concerned rattlesnake biologists from federal and state agencies, universities, and private institutions, as well as environmental consultants and private citizens. The 472-page book is divided into two parts and contains more than 300 images from 90 photographers and more than 40 maps. Part I of the document presents an overview of the life history, genetics, ecology, distribution, status, and threats to the continued existence of Timber Rattlesnakes from a range-wide perspective along with recommendations for conducting population assessments. Part II of the document presents the legal status, distribution, population status, habitat needs, active period, threats, and management actions for Timber Rattlesnakes on a state-by-state (or province by-province) basis. The information provided in this plan can serve as a reference for landowners, land managers, and government agencies at all levels to enable them to develop science-based management and conservation plans for Timber Rattlesnake populations and protect habitats for which they have responsibility. The guidance provided in this plan will also be of value to environmental consultants as they develop recommendations for developers, and to researchers who endeavor to fill in gaps in our knowledge concerning the species' distribution and ecology.
Since the early 1990s, hallucinogenic drugs, such as psilocybin, have been increasingly used to investigate the neuronal basis of altered states of consciousness and psychosis. Furthermore, renewed interest has emerged in using these drugs as an adjunct to psychotherapy. The present dissertation consists of three empirical studies, all of which were based on the pooled data from Prof. Vollenweider's research group at the University Hospital of Psychiatry in Zurich. Vollenweider's group was one on the first to restart human hallucinogen research in the early 1990s and since then has collected an amount of data that is unrivaled in the world. In the first study, acute, subacute, and long-term subjective effects of psilocybin were investigated by analyzing the pooled data of eight double-blind placebo-controlled experimental studies. The second study critically examined the psychometric properties of the altered states of consciousness rating scale OAV. The aim of the third study was to detect the most important predictors of psilocybin response. The effects of 24 predictor variables were examined in a sample of 409 psilocybin sessions.