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Bachelor Thesis from the year 2016 in the subject Politics - General and Theories of International Politics, grade: 1,7, University of Passau, language: English, abstract: Giving credence to Muhammad Yunus, microcredits can be the panacea to “‘put poverty to the museum‘“. (Haryanti 2010: 2) The native Bangladeshi and founder of Grameen bank, the biggest microfinance institute (MFI) in the world, is regarded by the advocates of microcredits as the symbol for their success. In 2006 he won the Nobel Peace Prize for “[...] pioneering efforts to provide financial services to the poorest of the poor.“ (Kota, June 2006) Honouring the father of microfinance has even increased the promising reporting by the media on mostly individual success stories. The apparently positive and widely cited effects of microcredits are job creation and raising incomes in the poorest communities, helping to empower especially women, and generally setting off a “bottom up” social and economic development process. However, critical voices fault that the adoption of the microfinance approach by many NGOs led to a shift away from their original social mission, sacrificing it to commercialization. By the example of Bangladesh, the “centre of microfinance”, this paper aims to provide a Neo-Gramscian critique of microcredits as an instrument of development aid. Being a Marxist-oriented theory, Neo-Gramscianism would highly oppose the popular statement that microcredits can be an appropriate means to sustainably empowering the poor. The central argument of this critique will therefore be that providing the poor with microcredits and making them bankable nurtures asymmetrical power relations and neoliberalism which finally empowers the Western-dominated capitalist system, not the poor.
Bachelor Thesis from the year 2016 in the subject Politics - International Politics - General and Theories, grade: 1,7, University of Passau, language: English, abstract: Giving credence to Muhammad Yunus, microcredits can be the panacea to "'put poverty to the museum'." (Haryanti 2010: 2) The native Bangladeshi and founder of Grameen bank, the biggest microfinance institute (MFI) in the world, is regarded by the advocates of microcredits as the symbol for their success. In 2006 he won the Nobel Peace Prize for "[...] pioneering efforts to provide financial services to the poorest of the poor." (Kota, June 2006) Honouring the father of microfinance has even increased the promising reporting by the media on mostly individual success stories. The apparently positive and widely cited effects of microcredits are job creation and raising incomes in the poorest communities, helping to empower especially women, and generally setting off a "bottom up" social and economic development process. However, critical voices fault that the adoption of the microfinance approach by many NGOs led to a shift away from their original social mission, sacrificing it to commercialization. By the example of Bangladesh, the "centre of microfinance," this paper aims to provide a Neo-Gramscian critique of microcredits as an instrument of development aid. Being a Marxist-oriented theory, Neo-Gramscianism would highly oppose the popular statement that microcredits can be an appropriate means to sustainably empowering the poor. The central argument of this critique will therefore be that providing the poor with microcredits and making them bankable nurtures asymmetrical power relations and neoliberalism which finally empowers the Western-dominated capitalist system, not the poor.
Microcredit has been seen in recent decades as having great potential for aiding development in poor developing countries, with Bangladesh being one of the countries which has pioneered microcredit and implemented it most widely. This book, based on extensive original research, explores how microcredit works in practice, and assesses its effectiveness. It discusses how microcredit, usually channelled through women, is often passed to the men of the family, a practice disapproved of by some, but regarded as acceptable by borrowers who have a communal approach to debt, rather than viewing debt as something held by single individuals. The book demonstrates how the rules around microcredit are often seem as irksome by the borrowers, how lenders often charge high rates of interest and work primarily to preserve their institutions, thereby going against the spirit of the microcredit movement, and how borrowers often end up on a downward spiral, deeper and deeper in debt. Overall, the book argues that although microcredit does much good, it also has many drawbacks.
Offers a look at the causes and effects of poverty and inequality, as well as the possible solutions. This title features research, human stories, statistics, and compelling arguments. It discusses about the world we live in and how we can make it a better place.
Winner of the 2011 Paul Davidoff award! This is a book about poverty but it does not study the poor and the powerless; instead it studies those who manage poverty. It sheds light on how powerful institutions control "capital," or circuits of profit and investment, as well as "truth," or authoritative knowledge about poverty. Such dominant practices are challenged by alternative paradigms of development, and the book details these as well. Using the case of microfinance, the book participates in a set of fierce debates about development âe" from the role of markets to the secrets of successful pro-poor institutions. Based on many years of research in Washington D.C., Bangladesh, and the Middle East, Poverty Capital also grows out of the author's undergraduate teaching to thousands of students on the subject of global poverty and inequality.
The reduction of inequalities within and between countries stands as a policy goal, and deserves to take centre stage in the design of the Sustainable Development Goals agreed during the Rio+20 Summit in 2012.The 2013 edition of A Planet for Life represents a unique international initiative grounded on conceptual and strategic thinking, and – most importantly – empirical experiments, conducted on five continents and touching on multiple realities. This unprecedented collection of works proposes a solid empirical approach, rather than an ideological one, to inform future debate.The case studies collected in this volume demonstrate the complexity of the new systems required to accommodate each country's specific economic, political and cultural realities. These systems combine technical, financial, legal, fiscal and organizational elements with a great deal of applied expertise, and are articulated within a clear, well-understood, growth- and job-generating development strategy.Inequality reduction does not occur by decree; neither does it automatically arise through economic growth, nor through policies that equalize incomes downward via ill conceived fiscal policies. Inequality reduction involves a collaborative effort that must motivate all concerned parties, one that constitutes a genuine political and social innovation, and one that often runs counter to prevailing political and economic forces.
David Harvey examines the foundational contradictions of capital, and reveals the fatal contradictions that are now inexorably leading to its end
This book is the first of its kind to offer an understanding, analysis, and prediction of the state of civil society in Bangladesh in relation to development and democracy. It is a research attempt to reveal the paradox found in developing countries like Bangladesh where there are numerous and active civil society organizations (CSOs) that have had almost no influence in consolidating democracy. This book, however, also qualifies the normative assumption on the positive relationship between civil society and democracy asserted by the mainstream neo-Tocquevillean School that has a profound influence on donor policies. Readers are introduced to civil society in Bangladesh from a broad perspective. Rather than confining the analysis to NGOs, chapters explore the origin, nature, and function of both modern and conventional CSOs, which helps to provide a more authentic understanding of the genuine state of civil society in relation to other actors in the political system. Combining survey data analyses and empirical observations with carefully chosen case studies, the book reveals that CSOs participate very actively in social services. This research also reveals that these highly active CSOs in the field of social development lack the necessary attributes for ensuring participation, proper interest articulation and monitoring of the state. Through systematic analysis, the book shows that political structures—and for Bangladesh, particularly political parties—along with vertical social relationships such as clientelism, patronage, nepotism, and corruption have contributed to a non-vigilant civil society in Bangladesh, although it often is spoken of in different terms. This book is highly recommended for researchers, students, and development practitioners interested in South Asia as well as in understanding the potentials and limitations of civil society in relation to development and democracy. Farhat Tasnim's book is a comprehensive treatment of civil society in Bangladesh. It will serve as a useful resource for future researchers in this field for a long time to come. Harry Blair, Yale University, USA Farhat Tasnim provides in this book a new perspective on one of the essential cases of civil society study, Bangladesh. Her penetrating analysis of the relationship of civil society organizations and democracy in Bangladesh should attract a wide readership. This is an important book not only for students of Bangladesh, but for scholars and practitioners interested in the relationship of civil society organizations and democracy. Robert J. Pekkanen, University of Washington, USA
8. Challenging the state.
Ideal for professors who want to provide a comprehensive set of the most important readings in the philosophy of technology, from foundational to the cutting edge, this book introduces students to the various ways in which societies, technologies, and environments shape one another. The readings examine the nature of technology as well as the effects of technologies upon human knowledge, activities, societies, and environments. Students will learn to appreciate the ways that philosophy informs our understanding of technology, and to see how technology relates to ethics, politics, nature, human nature, computers, science, food, and animals.