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There is a marked and most unfortunate dichotomy in the studies of avian eggs and hence in the application of new findings in commerce. Thus over the past twenty years there has been a renewed interest in the contribu tions of various parts of an egg to embryo development. This is best illustrated by those studies that have explored the diffusion of respiratory gases across the shell and at long last have provided a fundamental definition of a previously nebulous term, porosity. The activity in this general area has led in the past four years to the publication of three major books dealing with many aspects of egg structure, function and embryogenesis. When brows ing over these books, two developments are evident. First, the advantages that are to be gained by comparative studies. Thus it is now common to see within a single book articles concerned with the eggs of a range of avian species as well as those of reptiles. Second, it is evident that zoologists and physiologists as well as those employed in large breeding firms are all contributing to an improvement of our knowledge of the egg's role in the breeding biology of birds. Comparative studies are a very uncommon feature of studies concerned with bacterial infection of eggs.
Intended for those interested in applied aspects of food microbiology, for 17 commodity areas, this book describes the initial microbial flora and the prevalence of pathogens, the microbiological consequences of processing, spoilage patterns, episodes implicating those commodities with foodborne illness, and measures to control pathogens.
Microbiology of Foods 6: Microbial Ecology of Food Commodities was written by the ICMSF, compris ing 19 scientists from II countries, plus 12 consultants and 12 chapter contributors. This book brings up to date Microbial Ecology of Foods, Volume 2: Food Commodities (1980, Academic Press), taking account of developments in food processing and packaging, new ranges of products, and foodborne pathogens that have emerged since 1980. The overall structure of each of the chapters has been retained, viz. they cover: (i) the important properties of the food commodity that affect its microbial content; (ii) the initial microbial flora at slaughter or harvest; (iii) the effect of harvesting, transportation, processing and storage on the microbial content; and (iv) the means of controlling processes and the microbial content. The section on Choice of Case has not been included in this 2nd edition, reflecting the changed emphasis in ensuring the microbi ological safety of foods. At the time of publication of Microbial Ecology of Foods, Volume 2: Food Commodities, control of food safety was largely by inspection and compliance with hygiene regulations, coupled with end-product testing. Such testing was put on a sound statistical basis through sampling plans introduced in Microorganisms in Foods 2: Sampling for Microbiological Analysis: Principles and Specific Applications (2nd edition 1986, University of Toronto Press).
This authoritative two-volume reference provides valuable, necessary information on the principles underlying the production of microbiologically safe and stable foods. The work begins with an overview and then addresses four major areas: 'Principles and application of food preservation techniques' covers the specific techniques that defeat growth of harmful microorganisms, how those techniques work, how they are used, and how their effectiveness is measured. 'Microbial ecology of different types of food' provides a food-by-food accounting of food composition, naturally occurring microflora, effects of processing, how spoiling can occur, and preservation. 'Foodborne pathogens' profiles the most important and the most dangerous microorganisms that can be found in foods, including bacteria, viruses, parasites, mycotoxins, and 'mad cow disease.' The section also looks at the economic aspects and long-term consequences of foodborne disease. 'Assurance of the microbiological safety and quality of foods' scrutinizes all aspects of quality assurance, including HACCP, hygienic factory design, methods of detecting organisms, risk assessment, legislation, and the design and accreditation of food microbiology laboratories. Tables, photographs, illustrations, chapter-by-chapter references, and a thorough index complete each volume. This reference is of value to all academic, research, industrial and laboratory libraries supporting food programs; and all institutions involved in food safety, microbiology and food microbiology, quality assurance and assessment, food legislation, and generally food science and technology.