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The present book Microbial Synthesis of Nanomaterials is written mainly for the public's acquaintance with the synthesis and characterisation of different types of nanomaterials (NMs) and their sustainable applications in various fields. The nano-era began the late 1990s, after which the production of NMs increased rapidly and is expected to reach 1.663 million tons by the end of 2021. Recent findings have shown that NMs play a vital role in various fields like agriculture, food industries, environment, medicine and pharmaceutical, electronics, and so on. Microorganisms play a key role in the formation and transformation of nanoscale minerals in the environment. These natural processes can be harnessed for the green synthesis of nanomaterials for a diverse array of commercial, industrial and environmental applications, presenting a sustainable alternative to more traditional physiochemical synthesis routes. This new book consists of 15 chapters which provide comprehensive knowledge about the synthesis of NMs and offer a critical overview of the current understanding of nanoparticle synthesis using microbes, covering NMs' synthesis, characterisation and applications, and providing discussion on future prospects. The editors believe that this book will be helpful to researchers, the scientific community, academicians, business farmers and policy makers. The editors thankfully acknowledge the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project no. 19-05-50097 and of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation within the framework of the state task in the field of scientific activity (no. 0852-2020-0029).
This book introduces the principles and mechanisms of the biological synthesis of nanoparticles from microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, algae, and protozoans. It presents optimization processes for synthesis of microbes-mediated nanoparticles. The book also reviews the industrial and agricultural applications of microbially-synthesized nanoparticles. It also presents the medical applications of green nanoparticles, such as treating multidrug-resistant pathogens and cancer treatment. Further, it examines the advantages and prospects for the synthesis of nanoparticles by microorganisms. Lastly, it also presents the utilization of microbial-synthesized nanoparticles in the bioremediation of heavy metals.
This contributed volume compiles the latest improvements in the field of nanobiotechnology, with a special emphasis on microbial-synthesized nanoparticles. It focuses on topics that comprise the microbials synthesized nanoparticles, their characterization, and applications in the field of medicine and biotechnology, which are organized in three parts, respectively. Ranging from micro-scale studies to macro, it covers a huge domain of nanotechnology in relevance to microbiology. Overall, the book portrays the importance of microbial processes in the sustainable production of nanomaterials to reduce the environmental burden caused by nanomaterials produced by chemical processes. The book is a ready reference for practicing students, researchers of nanobiotechnology, environmental biotechnology, and other allied fields likewise.
Following an introduction to biogenic metal nanoparticles, this book presents how they can be biosynthesized using bacteria, fungi and yeast, as well as their potential applications in biomedicine. It is shown that the synthesis of nanoparticles using microbes is eco-friendly and results in reproducible metal nanoparticles of well-defined sizes, shapes and structures. This biotechnological approach based on the process of biomineralization exploits the effectiveness and flexibility of biological systems. Chapters include practical protocols for microbial synthesis of nanoparticles and microbial screening methods for isolating a specific nanoparticle producer as well as reviews on process optimization, industrial scale production, biomolecule-nanoparticle interactions, magnetosomes, silver nanoparticles and their numerous applications in medicine, and the application of gold nanoparticles in developing sensitive biosensors.
This book discusses the extremophiles explored for biosynthesis of nanoparticles. Nanotechnology is a widely emerging field involving interdisciplinary subjects such as biology, physics, chemistry and medicine. A wide variety of microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi and algae are employed as biological agents for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Novel routes by which extremophiles can be employed to generate nanoparticles have yet to be discovered. The book is divided into 5 major chapters: (1) Major types of nanoparticles in nanotechnology (2) Diversity of microbes in the synthesis of nanoparticles (3) Extremophiles in nanoparticle biosynthesis (4) Applications of nanoparticles produced by extremophiles (5) Challenges and Future perspectives
Nanobiotechnology: Microbes and Plant Assisted Synthesis of Nanoparticles, Mechanisms and Applications covers in detail the green synthesis of nanostructures of tailor-made size, shape and physico-chemical and opto-electronic properties. The rationale behind the selection of bacteria, cyanobacteria, algae, fungi, virus and medicinal plants for the synthesis of biologically active exotic nanoparticles for biomedical applications is also part of this book. It also explores metal recovery, bioconversion, detoxification and removal of heavy metals using nanobiotechnology and discusses the potential of nanobiotechnology to address environmental pollution and toxicity. The book further covers the economic and commercial aspects of such green nanobiotechnology initiatives, its current status in intellectual property rights like patents filed so far globally, technology transfers, and market potential. This information enables one to decipher the scope of biogenic nanoparticles and its prospects. - Provides an overview on the general and applied aspects on nanotechnology - Gives the scope of exploring bacteria, fungi, algae, virus and medicinal plants for the synthesis of exotic nanoparticles - Furnishes a comprehensive report on the underlying molecular mechanisms behind the biosynthesis of nanoparticles - Outlines sustainable alternative strategies of bioremediation of heavy metals, metal recovery, detoxification and bioconversion using nanobiotechnology - Explores the promises of patenting, technology transfer and commercialization potential of biogenic nanoparticles
This edited book serves as a vital resource on the contributions of microorganisms to advances in nanotechnology, establishing their applications in diverse areas of biomedicine, environment, biocatalysis, food and nutrition, and renewable energy. It documents the impacts of microorganisms in nanotechnology leading to further developments in microbial nanobiotechnology. This book appeals to researchers and scholars of microbiology, biochemistry and nanotechnology.
Nanotechnology is the application of science to control matter at the molecular level. It has become one of the most promising applied technologies in all areas of science. Nanoparticles have multi-functional properties and have created very interesting applications in various fields such as medicine, nutrition, bioenergy, agriculture and the environment. But the biogenic syntheses of monodispersed nanoparticles with specific sizes and shapes have been a challenge in biomaterial science. Nanoparticles are of great interest due to their extremely small size and large surface-to-volume ratio, which lead to both chemical and physical differences in their properties (e.g., mechanical properties, biological and sterical properties, catalytic activity, thermal and electrical conductivity, optical absorption and melting point) compared to bulk of the same chemical composition. Recently, however, synthesizing metal nanoparticles using green technology via microorganisms, plants, viruses, and so on, has been extensively studied and has become recognized as a green and efficient way for further exploiting biological systems as convenient nanofactories. Thus the biological synthesis of nanoparticles is increasingly regarded as a rapid, ecofriendly, and easily scaled-up technology. Today researchers are developing new techniques and materials using nanotechnology that may be suitable for plants to boost their native functions. Recently, biological nanoparticles were found to be more pharmacologically active than physico-chemically synthesized nanoparticles. Various applications of biosynthesized nanoparticles have been discovered, especially in the field of biomedical research, such as applications to specific delivery of drugs, use for tumor detection, angiogenesis, genetic disease and genetic disorder diagnosis, photoimaging, and photothermal therapy. Further, iron oxide nanoparticles have been applied to cancer therapy, hyperthermia, drug delivery, tissue repair, cell labeling, targeting and immunoassays, detoxification of biological fluids, magnetic resonance imaging, and magnetically responsive drug delivery therapy. Nanoparticle synthesis for plant byproducts for biomedical applications has vast potential. This book offers researchers in plant science and biomedicine the latest research and opportunity to develop new tools for the synthesis of environmentally friendly and cost-effective nanoparticles for applications in biomedicine as well as other various fields.
This book provides an account of the biogenic synthesis of nanomaterials by using different microorganisms. The chapters are focused on the biosynthesis of various metal and metal oxide nanosized materials by using bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, and algae, including mechanisms of microbial synthesis. Other chapters summarize recent developments of microbial-based nanostructures for the management of food-borne pathogens, plant pathogenic fungi, as nutrients, and biomedical applications. Microorganisms are discussed not only as biofactories for the synthesis of nanomaterials but also as removal agents of toxic metals from the environment. Exposure sources and ecotoxicity of microbially synthesized nanoparticles are also discussed.