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Summarizes the essential elements of all analytical tests used to characterize petroleum products. The 350 plus entries are alphabetically arranged by chemical and physical properties, such as apparent viscosity, density, metal analysis, sulfur determination, vapor pressure, and water. Each entry co
The last three chapters of this book deal with application of methods presented in previous chapters to estimate various thermodynamic, physical, and transport properties of petroleum fractions. In this chapter, various methods for prediction of physical and thermodynamic properties of pure hydrocarbons and their mixtures, petroleum fractions, crude oils, natural gases, and reservoir fluids are presented. As it was discussed in Chapters 5 and 6, properties of gases may be estimated more accurately than properties of liquids. Theoretical methods of Chapters 5 and 6 for estimation of thermophysical properties generally can be applied to both liquids and gases; however, more accurate properties can be predicted through empirical correlations particularly developed for liquids. When these correlations are developed with some theoretical basis, they are more accurate and have wider range of applications. In this chapter some of these semitheoretical correlations are presented. Methods presented in Chapters 5 and 6 can be used to estimate properties such as density, enthalpy, heat capacity, heat of vaporization, and vapor pressure. Characterization methods of Chapters 2-4 are used to determine the input parameters needed for various predictive methods. One important part of this chapter is prediction of vapor pressure that is needed for vapor-liquid equilibrium calculations of Chapter 9.
Praise for the previous edition: "Contains something for everyone involved in lubricant technology." —Chemistry & Industry This completely revised third edition incorporates the latest data available and reflects the knowledge of one of the largest companies active in the business. The authors take into account the interdisciplinary character of the field, considering aspects of engineering, materials science, chemistry, health and safety. The result is a volume providing chemists and engineers with a clear interdisciplinary introduction and guide to all major lubricant applications, focusing not only on the various products but also on specific application engineering criteria. A classic reference work, completely revised and updated (approximately 35% new material) focusing on sustainability and the latest developments, technologies and processes of this multi billion dollar business Provides chemists and engineers with a clear interdisciplinary introduction and guide to all major lubricant applications, looking not only at the various products but also at specific application engineering criteria All chapters are updated in terms of environmental and operational safety. New guidelines, such as REACH, recycling alternatives and biodegradable base oils are introduced Discusses the integration of micro- and nano-tribology and lubrication systems Reflects the knowledge of Fuchs Petrolub SE, one of the largest companies active in the lubrication business 2 Volumes wileyonlinelibrary.com/ref/lubricants
The technology involved in lubrication by nanoparticles is a rapidly developing scientific area and one that has been watched with interest for the past ten years. Nanolubrication offers a solution to many problems associated with traditional lubricants that contain sulphur and phosphorus; and though for some time the production of nanoparticles was restricted by the technologies available, today synthesis methods have been improved to such a level that it is possible to produce large quantities relatively cheaply and efficiently. Nanolubricants develops a new concept of lubrication, based on these nanoparticles, and along with the authors’ own research it synthesises the information available on the topic of nanolubrication from existing literature and presents it in a concise form. Describes the many advantages and potential applications of nanotechnology in the tribological field. Offers a full review of the state-of-the-art as well as much original research that is yet unpublished. Includes sections on boundary lubrication by colloïdal systems, nanolubricants made of metal dichalcogenides, carbon-based nanolubricants, overbased detergent salts, nanolubricants made of metals and boron-based solid nanolubricants and lubrication additives. Authored by highly regarded experts in the field with contributions from leading international academics. Nanolubricants will appeal to postgraduate students, academics and researchers in mechanical engineering, chemical engineering and materials science. It should also be of interest to practising engineers with petroleum companies and mechanical manufacturers.
The use oflubricants began in ancient times and has developed into a major international business through the need to lubricate machines of increasing complexity. The impetus for lubricant development has arisen from need, so lubricatingpractice has precededan understandingofthescientificprinciples. This is not surprising as the scientific basis of the technology is, by nature, highly complex and interdisciplinary. However, we believe that the under standing of lubricant phenomena will continue to be developed at a mol ecular level to meet future challenges. These challenges will include the control of emissions from internal combustion engines, the reduction of friction and wear in machinery, and continuing improvements to lubricant performanceand life-time. More recently, there has been an increased understanding ofthe chemical aspects of lubrication, which has complemented the knowledge and under standing gained through studies dealing with physics and engineering. This book aims to bring together this chemical information and present it in a practical way. It is written by chemists who are authorities in the various specialisations within the lubricating industry, and is intended to be of interest to chemists who may already be working in the lubricating industry or in academia, and who are seeking a chemist's view of lubrication. It will also be of benefit to engineers and technologists familiar with the industry who requirea more fundamental understanding oflubricants.
Lubricating Grease (Or Grease, To Use A Short Name), Leaving Aside Synthetic Grease For The Moment, Is Arguably Amongst The Highest Value Added Petroleum Products. Lubricating Greases Play Very Crucial Role In The Performance Of Automobiles, Industrial Machinery And Appliances Which Almost Every One Of Us Use, Rely Upon Or Work With Everyday. Lubricating Greases Account For About 5% Of The Global Consumption Of The Lubricants, Which In Turn Account For About 1% Of All Petroleum Products. Thus, In Volume Terms, Lubricating Greases Constitute A Relatively Small, Specialized Industry. Nonetheless, The Importance Of Lubricating Greases Can Not Be Overemphasized. The World Would Quite Literally Grind To A Halt Without Lubricating Greases.There Are Not Many Books On Lubricating Greases. Even The Very Few Books That Are Available In English Language, Largely Encapsulate The Work And Knowledge Developed In North America And West Europe. Significant Scientific And Technological Advancements Were Achieved In The Erstwhile East Bloc Countries During The Second Half Of The 20Th Century. However, It Is Only Over The Last Two Decades That Those Outside The Erstwhile East Bloc Have Been Getting Glimpses Of The Prolific Work Done By Scientists And Technologists In That Part Of The World. This Book Endeavours To Further This Process In A Small Way.