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This document is a compendium of scientifically valid and accepted methods that can be used to assess sediment quality and predict ecological impacts...the intent here is to provide the most useful overall measures or predictors of ecological impacts currently in use rather than procedures that may have limited application outside of a particular regulatory framework... parag The information provided in the compendium on the relative strengths and weaknesses of the different assessment methods can provide assistance in selecting the appropriate methods.
Little attention has been paid to the techniques for aquatic sediment sampling in the scientific literature dealing with environmental issues. With increasing interest in aquatic sediments as a sink source of contaminants in aquatic ecosystems, it has been recognized that sediment sampling is a complex and poorly documented discipline. No standardized methods exist to preserve the integrity of sediment and, particularly, sediment pore water, during sampling for different analyses and biological testing for assessment of sediment quality. A practical guide presenting the various methods available would prove extremely valuable. This is that guide. The book begins with a description of the objectives of sediment sampling for different purposes and planning of sampling programs. Most commonly used and readily available samplers and sampling techniques are explained for routine monitoring of sediment contamination and studies of sediment quality. Sample handling, transport, and storage are outlined relevant to the subsequent use of the collected sediments in physico-chemical analysis and biological testing. Measurements and notes of observations in the field during collection of sediments are described. Methods and equipment for collection of sediment pore water are detailed, and the efficiency, cost, and safety involved in sediment sampling are considered. The Manual of Aquatic Sediment Sampling contains examples, figures, and tables to enhance the reader's understanding of the material and of the importance of choosing proper techniques in sediment sampling programs. For each topic, recent citations are included from specialized literature. The Manual of Aquatic Sediment Sampling contains many examples, figures, and tables which will help the reader to understand the importance of choosing proper techniques in sediment sampling programs, and will provide a guide to preparation and execution of such programs.
Assessment of freshwater sediments can determine whether chemical concentrations are sufficient to cause adverse effects on aquatic organisms or organisms higher in the food chain, including humans. This book presents methods for assessing sediments and includes an integration of physical, chemical, and biological information. It examines the elements of quality assurance and control programs, considerations for the conduct of field surveys, screening-level analyses, chemical analyses, toxicity tests for assessing biological impacts, assessments of benthic invertebrate community structure, surveys of fish tumors and abnormalities, and data presentation and interpretation techniques.
Contaminated sediments represent an ongoing threat to the health of aquatic ecosystems. The assessment of sediment quality is, therefore, an important concern for environmental regulators. Sediment quality guidelines are now well established in regulatory frameworks worldwide; however, practical guidance that covers all of the key aspects of sediment quality assessment is not readily available. In 2005, CSIRO published its highly cited Handbook for Sediment Quality Assessment. In the ensuing period, the science has advanced considerably. This practical guide is a revised and much expanded second edition, which will be a valuable tool for environmental practitioners. Written by experts in the field, it provides coverage of: sediment sampling; sample preparation; chemical analysis; ecotoxicology; bioaccumulation; biomarkers; and ecological assessment. In addition, detailed appendices describe protocols for many of the tests to be used.
An integrated approach to understanding the principles of sampling, chemical analysis, and instrumentation This unique reference focuses on the overall framework and why various methodologies are used in environmental sampling and analysis. An understanding of the underlying theories and principles empowers environmental professionals to select and adapt the proper sampling and analytical protocols for specific contaminants as well as for specific project applications. Covering both field sampling and laboratory analysis, Fundamentals of Environmental Sampling and Analysis includes: A review of the basic analytical and organic chemistry, statistics, hydrogeology, and environmental regulations relevant to sampling and analysis An overview of the fundamentals of environmental sampling design, sampling techniques, and quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) essential to acquire quality environmental data A detailed discussion of: the theories of absorption spectroscopy for qualitative and quantitative environmental analysis; metal analysis using various atomic absorption and emission spectrometric methods; and the instrumental principles of common chromatographic and electrochemical methods An introduction to advanced analytical techniques, including various hyphenated mass spectrometries and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy With real-life case studies that illustrate the principles plus problems and questions at the end of each chapter to solidify understanding, this is a practical, hands-on reference for practitioners and a great textbook for upper-level undergraduates and graduate students in environmental science and engineering.