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Rapid growth in the research and development of clean energy storage techniques has yielded a significant number of electrochemically active compounds/materials possessing enormous potential to facilitate the fabrication of next generation devices such as the supercapacitor. This Brief describes recent progress in the field of metal-ion based hybrid electrical energy storage devices, with emphasis on the effect of different metal ions and other constituent components on the overall electrochemical performance of battery-supercapacitor hybrids (BSHs). Although significant efforts have been made to create an effective electrical energy storage system that would have the energy density of a battery and the power density of a supercapacitor, persistent challenges still lie in combining these two altogether different systems to form a cost-effective and safe storage device. Detailed comparisons of output performance and longevity (in terms of cyclic stability) are provided, including device fabrication cost and safety. Of the several proposed schematics/prototypes, hybrid supercapacitors, with both carbon-based EDLC electrode and pure faradic (battery type) electrode can work in tandem to yield high energy densities with little degradation in specific power. As a promising electric energy storage device, supercapacitors address several critical issues in various fields of applications from miniaturized electronic devices and wearable electronics to power hungry heavy automobiles. Depending on the electrode configuration and other controlling parameters, these BSHs can have contrasting performance statistics. Metal ion BSHs such as Li+, Na+, Mg+2, Zn+2 etc., acid-alkaline BSHs, and redox electrolyte based BSHs all represent recent approaches, with BSHs based on metal ions, particularly Lithium, of particular interest because of the extreme popularity of Li-ion based batteries. This book is written for a broad readership of graduate students and academic and industrial researchers who are concerned with the growth and development of sustainable energy systems where efficient and cost-effective storage is key.
Sodium-Ion Capacitors Enables readers to quickly understand core issues and field development of sodium-ion capacitors Sodium-Ion Capacitors summarizes and outlines the dynamics and development of sodium-ion capacitors, covering key aspects of the technology including background, classification and configuration, key technologies, and more, allowing readers to gain an understanding of sodium-ion capacitors from the perspective of both industrial technology and electrochemistry. Sodium-Ion Capacitors includes information on: EDLC-type mechanism of SCs and battery-type mechanism of SIBs, definition and types of pseudocapacitance, and energy storage mechanism of pseudocapacitors Cathode materials for sodium-ion capacitors, covering EDLC cathode materials, carbon nanotubes, reduced graphene oxide, and hollow carbon microspheres Flexible battery-type anode and capacitive cathode SICs cell configurations, including flexible electrodes based on carbon nanofiber, graphene substrates, carbon cloth, MXenes, and metal foil Pre-sodiation technologies, covering operation with Li metal, usage of Li-based alternatives, and the sacrificial additives method Summarizing the development, directions, potential, and core issues of sodium-ion capacitors, Sodium-Ion Capacitors is an essential resource on the subject for materials scientists, solid-state chemists and electrochemists, and semiconductor physicists in both industry and academia.
The 21 chapters in this book presents a comprehensive overview of flexible supercapacitors using engineering nanoarchitectures mediated by functional nanomaterials and polymers as electrodes, electrolytes, and separators, etc. for advanced energy applications. The various aspects of flexible supercapacitors, including capacitor electrochemistry, evaluating parameters, operating conditions, characterization techniques, different types of electrodes, electrolytes, and flexible substrates are covered. This is probably the first book of its type which systematically describes the recent developments and progress in flexible supercapacitor technology, and will be very helpful for generating new and innovative ideas in the field of energy storage material for wearable/flexible industry applications.
With its inclusion of the fundamentals, systems and applications, this reference provides readers with the basics of micro energy conversion along with expert knowledge on system electronics and real-life microdevices. The authors address different aspects of energy harvesting at the micro scale with a focus on miniaturized and microfabricated devices. Along the way they provide an overview of the field by compiling knowledge on the design, materials development, device realization and aspects of system integration, covering emerging technologies, as well as applications in power management, energy storage, medicine and low-power system electronics. In addition, they survey the energy harvesting principles based on chemical, thermal, mechanical, as well as hybrid and nanotechnology approaches. In unparalleled detail this volume presents the complete picture -- and a peek into the future -- of micro-powered microsystems.
This book introduces readers to a wide range of applications for elements in Group 16 of the periodic table, such as, optical fibers for communication and sensing, X-ray imaging, electrochemical sensors, data storage devices, biomedical applications, photovoltaics and IR detectors, the rationale for these uses, the future scope of their applications, and expected improvements to existing technologies. Following an introductory section, the book is broadly divided into three parts—dealing with Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium. The sections cover the basic structure of the elements and their compounds in bulk and nanostructured forms; properties that make these useful for various applications, followed by applications and commercial products. As the global technology revolution necessitates the search for new materials and more efficient devices in the electronics and semiconductor industry, Applications of Chalcogenides: S, Se, and Te is an ideal book for a wide range of readers in industry, government and academic research facilities looking beyond silicon for materials used in the electronic and optoelectronic industry as well as biomedical applications.
Energy storage plays an important role in supporting power-hungry devices and achieving stable power supply by optimally balancing supply and demand with ever-increasing requirement for computing power and the intermittent nature of renewable resources. Emerging Trends in Energy Storage Systems and Industrial Applications focuses on emerging trends in energy storage systems, applicable to various types of applications including heat and power generation, electrical and hybrid transportation. With performance limitations in current energy storage devices, such as limited energy density, power density, and cycle life, major challenges in the complex and dynamic environments of energy storage applications are examined in this reference. High-performance components, proper system configuration, effective modelling and control are keys to achieving seamlessly integrated and functional energy storage systems are also addressed, in order to provide guidance to achieving more reliable and efficient systems. Outcomes from this book serve as a resource for industrialists, academia and researchers working in the domain of advance energy storage technologies and their applications, giving them an overview of energy storage options, availability and technological trends enabling them to make longer-term, safe storage system decisions. - Presents a better understanding of the smart energy storage technologies: system, management, and implementation - Explores all energy storage system: integration, power quality, and operation - Offers an interdisciplinary look across electrical, electronics, energy, mechanical, civil, and chemical engineering aspects of energy storage
This book reviews research work on electrochemical power sources in the former Warsaw Pact countries. It explores the role carbon plays in the cathodes and anodes of power sources and reveals the latest research into the development of metal air batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells and lithium-ion and lithium-ion polymer batteries. For the first time, a full chapter was devoted to metal-carbon composites as electrode materials of lithium-ion batteries
This handbook presents an authoritative account of the potential of advanced ceramics and composites in strategic applications, including defense, national security, aerospace, and energy security (especially nuclear energy). It highlights how their unique combination of superior properties such as low density, high strength, high elastic modulus, high hardness, high temperature capability, and excellent chemical and environmental stability are optimized in technologies within these fields. The handbook is organized according to application type. It allows readers to learn about strategies that have been used in different fields and to transfer them to their own. The book addresses a wide variety of ceramics and their composites, including PZT ceramics, carbon nanotubes, aerogels, silica radomes, relaxor ferroelectrics, and many others.
Supercapacitors are a relatively new energy storage system that provides higher energy density than dielectric capacitors and higher power density than batteries. They are particularly suited to applications that require energy pulses during short periods of time, e.g., seconds or tens of seconds. They are recommended for automobiles, tramways, buses, cranes, fork-lifts, wind turbines, electricity load leveling in stationary and transportation systems, etc. Despite the technological maturity of supercapacitors, there is a lack of comprehensive literature on the topic. Many high performance materials have been developed and new scientific concepts have been introduced. Taking into account the commercial interest in these systems and the new scientific and technological developments now is the ideal time to publish this book, capturing all this new knowledge. The book starts by giving an introduction to the general principles of electrochemistry, the properties of electrochemical capacitors, and electrochemical characterization techniques. Electrical double layer capacitors and pseudocapacitors are then discussed, followed by the various electrolyte systems. Modelling, manufacture of industrial capacitors, constraints, testing, and reliability as well as applications are also covered. 'Supercapacitors - Materials, Systems, and Applications' is part of the series on Materials for Sustainable Energy and Development edited by Prof. G.Q. Max Lu. The series covers advances in materials science and innovation for renewable energy, clean use of fossil energy, and greenhouse gas mitigation and associated environmental technologies.