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C-H activation provides a crucial new tool for the construction of C-C bonds in organic chemical synthesis, especially for agrochemistry, the pharmaceutical industry, and materials science, using a large number of existing metals on Earth. This dissertation overcomes the major challenge of selective functionalization of inert C-H bonds, which is related to the ubiquity of C-H bonds in organic compounds, and introduces several innovative synthesis methods. These methods use low-cost ruthenium and photocatalysis to achieve sustainable and selective C-H transformations. In the first project, w...
Functionalized Nanomaterials for Catalytic Application
Energy crises and global warming pose serious challenges to researchers in their attempt to develop a sustainable society for the future. Solar energy conversion is a remarkable, clean, and sustainable way to nullify the effects of fossil fuels. The findings of photocatalytic hydrogen production (PCHP) by Fujishima and Honda propose that “water will be the coal for the future”. Hydrogen is a carbon-free clean fuel with a high specific energy of combustion. Titanium oxide (TiO2), graphitic-carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and cadmium sulfide (CdS) are three pillars of water splitting photocatalysts owing to their superior electronic and optical properties. Tremendous research efforts have been made in recent years to fabricate visible or solar-light, active photocatalysts. The significant features of various oxide, sulfide, and carbon based photocatalysts for cost-effective hydrogen production are presented in this Special Issue. The insights of sacrificial agents on the hydrogen production efficiency of catalysts are also presented in this issue.
Applications of Electrochemistry in Synthesis Electrosynthesis represents an increasingly viable platform for molecular synthesis, which is currently undergoing a remarkable renaissance. The use of electricity can, for instance, avoid chemical redox reagents as well as the generation of byproducts derived thereof, setting the stage for improved resource economy. This volume is the defining reference work for this rapidly evolving research arena. It features a collection of the most practical and robust methods of organic electrosynthesis. It introduces the key concepts of electrochemistry and provides all relevant laboratory set-ups, enabling newcomers to the field the effective application of these powerful new tools to molecular syntheses. Innovative strategies that successfully realize topical challenging transformations by the art of electrosynthesis are presented. Pioneers and leaders in the field discuss both the practical and conceptual aspects of this rapidly evolving research field.
This book presents sustainable synthetic pathways and modern applications of ammonia. It focuses on the production of ammonia using various catalytic systems and its use in fuel cells, membrane, agriculture, and renewable energy sectors. The book highlights the history, investigation, and development of sustainable pathways for ammonia production, current challenges, and state-of-the-art reviews. While discussing industrial applications, it fills the gap between laboratory research and viable applications in large-scale production.
The series Topics in Current Chemistry presents critical reviews of the present and future trends in modern chemical research. The scope of coverage is all areas of chemical science including the interfaces with related disciplines such as biology, medicine and materials science.The goal of each thematic volume is to give the non-specialist reader, whether in academia or industry, a comprehensive insight into an area where new research is emerging which is of interest to a larger scientific audience.Each review within the volume critically surveys one aspect of that topic and places it within the context of the volume as a whole. The most significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years are presented using selected examples to illustrate the principles discussed. The coverage is not intended to be an exhaustive summary of the field or include large quantities of data, but should rather be conceptual, concentrating on the methodological thinking that will allow the non-specialist reader to understand the information presented. Contributions also offer an outlook on potential future developments in the field.Review articles for the individual volumes are invited by the volume editors.Readership: research chemists at universities or in industry, graduate students
Metal-Organic Frameworks for Environmental Applications examines this important topic, looking at potential materials and methods for the remediation of pressing pollution issues, such as heavy-metal contaminants in water streams, radioactive waste disposal, marine oil-spillage, the treatment of textile and dye industry effluents, the clean-up of trace amounts of explosives in land and water, and many other topics. This survey of the cutting-edge research and technology of MOFs is an invaluable resource for researchers working in inorganic chemistry and materials science, but it is also ideal for graduate students studying MOFs and their applications. Examines the applications of metal-organic frameworks for the remediation of environmental pollutants Features leading experts who research the applications of MOFs from around the world, including contributions from the United States, India and China Explores possible solutions to some of today’s most pressing environmental challenges, such as heavy-metal contamination in bodies of water, oil spills and clean-up of explosives hidden in land and water Provides an excellent reference for researchers and graduate students studying in the areas of inorganic chemistry, materials chemistry and environmental science
Photoelectrocatalysis: Fundamentals and Applications presents an in-depth review of the topic for students and researchersworking on photoelectrocatalysis-related subjects from pure chemistry to materials and environmental chemistry inorder to propose applications and new perspectives. The main advantage of a photoelectrocatalytic process is the mildexperimental conditions under which the reactions are carried out, which are often possible at atmospheric pressure androom temperature using cheap and nontoxic solvents (e.g., water), oxidants (e.g., O2 from the air), catalytic materials (e.g.,TiO2 on Ti layer), and the potential exploitation of solar light. This book presents the fundamentals and the applications of photoelectrocatalysis, such as hydrogen production fromwater splitting, the remediation of harmful compounds, and CO2 reduction. Photoelectrocatalytic reactors and lightsources, in addition to kinetic aspects, are presented along with an exploration of the relationship between photocatalysisand electrocatalysis. In addition, photocorrosion issues and the application of selective photoelectrocatalytic organictransformations, which is now a growing field of research, are also reported. Finally, the advantages/disadvantages andfuture perspectives of photoelectrocatalysis are highlighted through the possibility of working at a pilot/industrial scale inenvironmentally friendly conditions. Presents the fundamentals of photoelectrocatalysis Outlines photoelectrocatalytic green chemistry Reviews photoelectrocatalytic remediation of harmful compounds, hydrogen production, and CO2 reduction Includes photocorrosion, photoelectrocatalytic reactors, and modeling along with kinetic aspects
A comprehensive overview of the research developments in the burgeoning field of metal-air batteries An innovation in battery science and technology is necessary to build better power sources for our modern lifestyle needs. One of the main fields being explored for the possible breakthrough is the development of metal-air batteries. Metal-Air Batteries: Fundamentals and Applications offers a systematic summary of the fundamentals of the technology and explores the most recent advances in the applications of metal-air batteries. Comprehensive in scope, the text explains the basics in electrochemical batteries and introduces various species of metal-air batteries. The author-a noted expert in the field-explores the development of metal-air batteries in the order of Li-air battery, sodium-air battery, zinc-air battery and Mg-O2 battery, with the focus on the Li-air battery. The text also addresses topics such as metallic anode, discharge products, parasitic reactions, electrocatalysts, mediator, and X-ray diffraction study in Li-air battery. Metal-Air Batteries provides a summary of future perspectives in the field of the metal-air batteries. This important resource: -Covers various species of metal-air batteries and their components as well as system designation -Contains groundbreaking content that reviews recent advances in the field of metal-air batteries -Focuses on the battery systems which have the greatest potential for renewable energy storage Written for electrochemists, physical chemists, materials scientists, professionals in the electrotechnical industry, engineers in power technology, Metal-Air Batteries offers a review of the fundamentals and the most recent developments in the area of metal-air batteries.