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Includes President's message and reports of the Secretaries of the Treasury, War, Navy, and Interior, Postmaster General, and Commissioner of Agriculture.
Here is young Sam Clemens—in the world, getting famous, making love—in 155 magnificently edited letters that trace his remarkable self-transformation from a footloose, irreverent West Coast journalist to a popular lecturer and author of The Jumping Frog, soon to be a national and international celebrity. And on the move he was—from San Francisco to New York, to St. Louis, and then to Paris, Naples, Rome, Athens, Constantinople, Yalta, and the Holy Land; back to New York and on to Washington; back to San Francisco and Virginia City; and on to lecturing in Ohio, Michigan, Pennsylvania, and New York. Resplendent with wit, love of life, ambition, and literary craft, this new volume in the wonderful Bancroft Library edition of Mark Twain's Letters will delight and inform both scholars and general readers. This volume has been supported by the National Endowment for the Humanities, the Mark Twain Foundation, Jane Newhall, and The Friends of The Bancroft Library.
When New Mexico became part of the United States, the territory contained 295 land grants, the largest of these being the Maxwell Land Grant. The size and boundaries of the grant were disputed, with some believing that much of the land was public domain. Settlers on this land were fought not only by the land grant owners but also by a group of corrupt politicians and lawyers—known as the Santa Fe Ring (most notably Thomas Catron and Stephen Elkins)—who tried to use the situation for personal profit and land acquisition. The fight escalated in late 1875 with the assassination of Reverend F. J. Tolby, an outspoken critic of the Santa Fe Ring. In a confession one of the assassins stated that men connected to the ring had paid to have Tolby killed. Outrage, civil unrest, and more murders followed. The town of Cimarron alone was the scene of a lynching, a barroom gunfight in the St. James Hotel involving legendary gunman Clay Allison, and a nighttime murder of a prisoner. For a time the troubles in New Mexico were ignored by the federal government. But in 1878 the murder of John Tunstall set off a wave of violence known as the Lincoln County War. Following that, a letter came to light that appeared to show that the governor of the territory, Samuel B. Axtell, planned a mass execution of critics of the Santa Fe Ring, who he considered to be agitators in the Colfax County troubles. Finally, officials in Washington took notice and sent Frank W. Angel with orders to investigate the violence, murders, and corruption that plagued the territory. Following his investigation, Angel concluded, “It is seldom that history states more corruption, fraud, mismanagement, plots and murders, than New Mexico, has been the theatre under the administration of Governor Axtell.” The actions taken as a result of Angel’s investigation wouldn’t end the violence in New Mexico, but they did lead to the end of the Colfax County War.
A modern and current examination of Reconstruction that explains how the South in the aftermath of defeat in a total war, was still able to exhaust the will of the powerful North using asymmetric warfare. The end of the Civil War may have marked the end of the official fighting, but the Congressional strategy to remake the South during Reconstruction led to a new period of warfare—asymmetric warfare in which the defeated Confederacy became the Southern resistance. Despite all the power at its disposal, the North failed to change the South after nearly 11 years of effort and instead accepted a political-social equilibrium dictated by the South. This book presents Reconstruction through an unconventional lens to explain the process of transition from war to warfare, and finally to equilibrium represented by the emergence of the New South. Author Keith D. Dickson explains how Reconstruction created a false equilibrium in the immediate aftermath of the Civil War and was reversed by Congressional action that imposed a new social and political order. By resistance of these actions through asymmetric warfare, the white South was able to establish a new equilibrium—one dictated by the South that opened the path to the New South. Providing insights from an author who is both a respected academic military historian as well as a former practitioner of unconventional warfare as a Special Forces officer, the book covers the historical period 1865–1877, casting the Reconstruction period as an example of protracted asymmetric warfare. This asymmetric warfare was conducted in phases against the Republican state governments. As both the U.S. Congress and the Grant administration abandoned the lofty goals for Reconstruction, a bitterly contested presidential election provided the opportunity to establish conditions favorable to the white South that would in turn lead to a political-social equilibrium that allowed reconciliation to begin.