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The 3rd edition of Mesoscale Meteorological Modeling is a fully revised resource for researchers and practitioners in the growing field of meteorological modeling at the mesoscale. Pielke has enhanced the new edition by quantifying model capability (uncertainty) by a detailed evaluation of the assumptions of parameterization and error propagation. Mesoscale models are applied in a wide variety of studies, including weather prediction, regional and local climate assessments, and air pollution investigations. Broad expansion of the concepts of parameterization and parameterization methodology Addition of new modeling approaches, including modeling summaries and summaries of data sets All-new section on dynamic downscaling
To effectively utilize mesoscale dynamical simulations of the atmosphere, it is necessary to have an understanding the basic physical and mathematical foundations of the models and to have an appreciation of how a particular atmospheric system works. Mesoscale Meteorological Modeling provides such an overview of mesoscale numerical modeling. Starting with fundamental concepts, this text can be used to evaluate the scientific basis of any simulation model that has been or will be developed. Basic material is provided for the beginner as well as more in-depth treatment for the specialist. This text is useful to both the practitioner and the researcher of the mesoscale phenomena.
This book is a collection of selected lectures presented at the ‘Intensive Course on Mesoscale Meteorology and Forecasting’ in Boulder, USA, in 1984. It includes mesoscale classifications, observing techniques and systems, internally generated circulations, mesoscale convective systems, externally forced circulations, modeling and short-range forecasting techniques. This is a highly illustrated book and comprehensive work, including extensive bibliographic references. It is aimed at graduates in meteorology and for professionals working in the field.
This book provides an overview of several components of mesoscale modeling: boundary conditions, subgrid-scale parameterization, moisture processes, and radiation. Also included are mesoscale model comparisons using data from the U.S. Army's Project WIND (Winds in Non-uniform Domains).
This chapter reports on the spatial scale of mesoscale systems, and then presents examples of mesoscale atmospheric systems. They are classed into two types, terrain- and physiographically-induced mesoscale systems, and mesoscale systems primarily forced through lateral boundaries or from internal atmospheric instabilities. Mesoscale model studies of Mars, Titan, and Venus are also introduced. The different types of dynamic downscaling to the regional and mesoscale from global models and reanalyses are presented. The use of mesoscale models to assess air quality is discussed.
The foundation for any model is a set of conservation principles. For mesoscale atmospheric models, these principles are conservation of mass, conservation of heat, conservation of motion, conservation of water, the conservation of other gaseous and aerosol materials, and an equation of state.
‘Mesoscale Modelling for Meteorological and Air Pollution Applications’ combines the fundamental and practical aspects of mesoscale air pollution and meteorological modelling. Providing an overview of the fundamental concepts of air pollution and meteorological modelling, including parameterization of key atmospheric processes, the book also considers equally important aspects such as model integration, evaluation concepts, performance evaluation, policy relevance and user training.
This chapter discusses principles and applications of satellite simulators to mesoscale meteorological modeling. The principle and mathematical foundations of satellite simulators are presented. This includes brief overviews of satellite orbit, radiative transfer, and single-scattering theories for passive and active sensors, and sensor scanning and antenna gain function. Various applications of satellite simulators are followed, ranging from model evaluation, data assimilation, and supporting future satellite missions.
This chapter shows how comparisons with analytic, other numerical models, different model approximations, and observations can be used to assess the robustness of the model calculations. Also, for this purpose, model budgets for mass, energy and momentum are shown to be essential tests of model skill. The tank model is used to illustrate how these budgets can be applied for assessing the accuracy in the computation of the mass and energy budgets.
This chapter discusses physical and analytical modeling. The study of realistic wind tunnel simulations of mesoscale atmospheric flows is presented. External and internal gravity waves when a vertical density discontinuity occurs are derived for idealized tank models. Internal gravity waves, sound waves, and inertial waves are derived for a continuously stratified atmosphere. The validity of the hydrostatic approximation is examined quantitatively using a sea-breeze model. The role of compressibility is discussed.