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Seminar paper from the year 2002 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, grade: 1,0 (A), Berlin School of Economics, course: International Corporate Finance, language: English, abstract: The last decade of the 20th century was a decade of enormous changes in the banking sector worldwide. If one compares the largest banks of the world in 1995 with those at the end of 2000 it is obvious to see that many changes have happened in recent years: In 1995 all top five banks were from Japan (total assets in million USD in brackets): Dai-Ichi Kangyo Bank (626,171), Sumitomo Bank (617,053), Sakura Bank (607,245), Sanwa Bank (600,111) and Fuji Bank (587,154. At the end of 2000 the top five banks ranked by total assets were: Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corp., Japan (958,189), CitiGroup, USA (902,210), Deutsche Bank Group, Germany (882,577), HSBC Holdings, U.K. (673,814) and Bayerische HypoVereinsbank, Germany (672,720). These newly-formed banking groups arose from mergers and acquisitions (M&As) and therefore they are good examples for all the M&As that have taken place in the banking sector worldwide in recent years. In this scientific paper the M&A activity in the banking sector is being analysed on a global basis and, where appropriate, with a special focus on European activities. To do so, the following procedure has been chosen: After the presentation of typical patterns of consolidation the main causes of consolidation and risks arising from M&As will be examined. Afterwards the economical results of the M&A process will be analysed to give a conclusion and an estimation on future activities
This book is intended to lay out, in a clear and intuitive as well as comprehensive way, what we know - or think we know - about mergers and acquisitions in the financial services sector. It evaluates their underlying drivers, factual evidence as to whether or not the basic economic concepts and strategic precepts are correct. It looks closely at the managerial dimensions in terms of the efficacy of merger implementation, notably the merger integration process. The focus is on enhancing shareholder value creation and the execution of strategies for the successful management of mergers. It also has a strong public-policy component in this "special" industry where successes can pay dividends and failures can cause serious problems that reach well beyond the financial services industry itself. The financial services sector is about halfway through one of the most dramatic periods of restructuring ever undergone by a major global industry. The impact of the restructuring has carried well beyond shareholders of the firms and involved into the domain of regulation and public policy as well as global competitive performance and economic growth. Financial services are a center of gravity of economic restructuring activity. M&A transactions in the financial sector comprise a surprisingly large share of the value of merger activity worldwide -- including only deals valued in excess of $100 million, during the period 1985-2000 there were approximately 233,700 M&A transactions worldwide in all industries, for a total volume of $15.8 trillion. Of this total, there were 166,200 mergers in the financial services industry (49.7%), valued at $8.5 trillion (54%). In all of restructuring frenzy, the financial sector has probably had far more than its share of strategic transactions that have failed or performed far below potential because of mistakes in basic strategy or mistakes in post-merger integration. It has also had its share of rousing successes. This book considers the key managerial issues, focusing on M&A transactions as a key tool of business strategy - "doing the right thing" to augment shareholder value. But in addition, the degree of integration required and the historic development of integration capabilities on the part of the acquiring firm, disruptions in human resources and firm leadership, cultural issues, timeliness of decision-making and interface management have co-equal importance - "doing it right."
This book attempts to exercise a rare restraint in two very crucial and controversial areas of global bank mergers by blindly extolling the virtues of mega bank mergers and the ceaseless flow of economies of scale it supposedly brings; and to resist the t
As the financial services industry becomes increasingly international, the more narrowly defined and historically protected national financial markets become less significant. Consequently, financial institutions must achieve a critical size in order to compete. Bank Mergers & Acquisitions analyses the major issues associated with the large wave of bank mergers and acquisitions in the 1990's. While the effects of these changes have been most pronounced in the commercial banking industry, they also have a profound impact on other financial institutions: insurance firms, investment banks, and institutional investors. Bank Mergers & Acquisitions is divided into three major sections: A general and theoretical background to the topic of bank mergers and acquisitions; the effect of bank mergers on efficiency and shareholders' wealth; and regulatory and legal issues associated with mergers of financial institutions. It brings together contributions from leading scholars and high-level practitioners in economics, finance and law.
Presented in this book is a comprehensive empirical analysis of mergers and acquisitions in the U.S. banking industry. The purpose of the study is to examine the merger phenomenon in the banking industry by answering the following questions: - What are the incentives for banks to merge? - Has the prohibition of interstate banking prevented banks from diversifying and has it increased the rate of bank failures by restricting (geographical) diversification opportunities? - Are bank mergers wealth-creating activities and how are the gains/losses from a merger distributed between the acquiring and acquired bank shareholders? - How can the changes in shareholder wealth resulting from bank mergers be explained and are there differences between interstate and intrastate mergers? - What are the implications of the study's findings for regulatory policy? Theory and practical implications are blended in this book which should appeal to both academics and practitioners in the field
Diploma Thesis from the year 2005 in the subject Business economics - Banking, Stock Exchanges, Insurance, Accounting, grade: 0, ESCP Europe Business School - Campus Paris, language: English, abstract: Ziel der Arbeit ist es, Treiber und Erfolgsfaktoren von M&A Operationen im Europäischen Bankensektor zu identifizieren und zu analysieren. Methodologisch wurde hierbei auf die Fallstudienanalyse sowie empirische Untersuchungen zurückgegriffen. Die Arbeit mündet in der Entwicklung verschiedener Szenarien einer zukünftigen Konsolidierung des Bankensektors sowohl innerhalb der einzelnen EU Staaten als auch cross-border.
Doctoral Thesis / Dissertation from the year 2009 in the subject Business economics - Banking, Stock Exchanges, Insurance, Accounting, grade: A, , language: English, abstract: A study of the impact of mergers and acquisitions on the economic profitability among Banks in Lebanon
The Bank Merger and Acquisitions Handbook is a how-to manual for lawyers who must analyze a potential transaction or who are faced with an agency review of the competitive effects of a proposed transaction that would combine banking institutions. Its focus is practical; complementing the Antitrust Section's other publications on merger review including Mergers and Acquisitions, and the Premerger Notification Practice Manual. This book addresses those aspects of bank merger review that are unique to banking institutions - such as the statutory framework, banking agency review, and Justice Department standards - and draws on learning from recent transactions in which one or more of the reviewing agencies raised concerns. It should be helpful to both antitrust lawyers and banking lawyers faced with a bank merger and to banking lawyers faced with a transaction that presents substantive competition issues.
After 1980, the U.S. banking industry experienced a sustained and unprecedented level of merger activity that has substantially affected banking structure. From 1980 through 1998, there were approx. 8,000 mergers, involving about $2.4 trillion in acquired assets. From 1990 to 1999 several mergers occurred that, at the time of occurrence, were the largest bank mergers in U.S. history. This report describes various facets of bank merger activity and some of the changes in U.S. banking structure that occurred from 1980 through 1998. A primary force underlying the sustained merger movement in banking since 1980 was the gradual removal of state and federal restrictions on geographic expansion in banking. Charts and tables.
Provides a detailed analytical assessment of the merger and acquisition phenomenon in banking. It advances the prior literature focusing on some specific aspects that have been investigated by only limited previous analysis by assessing the effect produced by M&A transactions on bank efficiency and shareholder value.