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This memorandum provides a preliminary assessment of the Climate Change Act 2008 ch. 27 (ISBN 9780105427087) The Act aims to create a legislative framework for the effective management and delivery of policies to tackle climate change, in particular by: a). establishing an economically credible emissions reduction pathway to 2050, by putting into statute medium and long-term targets and a system of carbon budgets; b). providing greater clarity and predictability for industry to plan effectively for, and invest in, a low-carbon economy; c). providing a strong evidence base and expertise to underpin statutory targets; d). establishing a duty on the Government regularly to assess the risks to the UK from climate change and draw up a programme to address them; and e. creating a power for the Government to require a range of public authorities or statutory bodies to assess and address the impacts of climate change. The memorandum concludes that the Act has created an effective legislative framework and is structured to provide a degree of flexibility, setting a framework to motivate and enable policy action without being too prescriptive about how the framework should be applied. This is required to address the inherent unpredictability around future emissions projections and to ensure that mitigation is not unnecessarily costly. In this vein, the Climate Change Act allows for a carbon budget level to be amended if it appears to Government that there have been significant changes affecting the basis on which the previous decision was made
Dated July 2014. A TSO version of a title previously published by HM Government
What are the ideal roles the mass media should play as an institution to strengthen democratic governance and thus bolster human development? Under what conditions do media systems succeed or fail to meet these objectives? And what strategic reforms would close the gap between the democratic promise and performance of media systems? Working within the notion of the democratic public sphere, 'Public Sentinel: News Media and Governance Reform' emphasizes the institutional or collective roles of the news media as watchdogs over the powerful, as agenda setters calling attention to social needs in natural and human-caused disasters and humanitarian crises, and as gatekeepers incorporating a diverse and balanced range of political perspectives and social actors. Each is vital to making democratic governance work in an effective, transparent, inclusive, and accountable manner. The capacity of media systems and thus individual reporters embedded within those institutions to fulfill these roles is constrained by the broader context of the journalistic profession, the market, and ultimately the state. Successive chapters apply these arguments to countries and regions worldwide. This study brought together a wide range of international experts under the auspices of the Communication for Governance and Accountability Program (CommGAP) at the World Bank and the Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy at Harvard University. The book is designed for policy makers and media professionals working within the international development community, national governments, and grassroots organizations, and for journalists, democratic activists, and scholars engaged in understanding mass communications, democratic governance, and development.
This volume provides an analysis of the global monetary system and proposes a comprehensive yet evolutionary reform of the system aimed at creating better monetary cooperation for the twenty-first century.
This Report is one of the first comprehensive studies on young children in India. It focuses on children under 6 years of age and presents key aspects of their well-being and development. With the highest number of neonatal, infant and under-5 deaths in the world, there is an urgent need to address issues that continue to affect the young child in India. This volume: Introduces two young child indices aggregating selected indicators to separately track child outcomes and child circumstances. Provides an account of the current situation of the young child in terms of physical and cognitive development, access to care, disadvantaged children and major issues that have led to the continued neglect of this age group. Explores the policy and legal framework, fiscal space and the role and obligations of key stakeholders, including the state, private sector, civil society, media and the family. Highlights key recommendations and action points that can help to improve the ecosystem for early childhood care and development. Drawing on specially commissioned technical background papers, supplemented by extensive field experience of Mobile Creches in childcare, this Report will be of interest to practitioners, policymakers and influencers, think tanks and researchers of public policy, development studies, human rights, sociology and social anthropology, as well as general readers. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.tandfebooks.com/doi/view/10.4324/9781003026488, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license. .
A basic knowledge of economics is critical for making informed decisions in today's world. This volume focuses on the economic understanding of different age groups, at different levels, from personal to international.