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led to a logical means of preventing gentamicin nephrotoxicity in the experimental animal.
Nephrotoxicity : Otoxicity of Drugs. Ce livre rassemble les textes des communications présentées au symposium de Rouen (mai 1981) ayant pour thème l'étude de la néphrotoxicité des antibiotiques. La majeure partie de l'ouvrage est réservée à la néphrotoxicité des aminoglycosides. Sont détaillés les aspects morphologiques, les résultats d'études autoradiographiques, d'études de fractionnement cellulaires permettant l'analyse du comportement des mitochondries ou des lysosomes. Une large part est réservée aux variations de multiples enzymes urinaires excrétées sous l'action des médicaments. Le rôle de nombreux facteurs est largement discuté : influence des doses injectées, du rythme d'administration, de la durée du traitement, de l'âge, de l'existence d'une néphropathie antérieure. À la lecture des différentes études présentées, le clinicien pourra juger des différences de potentiel néphrotique des antibiotiques qui lui sont proposés pour le traitement des infections sévères. La place consacrée à l'otoxicité des aminoglycosides est plus restreinte mais les études de variations de potentiels pour détecter les signes d'otoxicité, les études de pharmacocinétique des aminogly¬cosides sont des contributions fort intéressantes et très originales.
Here is an extensive update of Pediatric Nephrology, which has become the standard reference text in the field. It is global in perspective and reflects the international group of editors, who are well-recognized experts in pediatric nephrology. Within this text, the development of kidney structure and function is followed by detailed and comprehensive chapters on all childhood kidney diseases.
There has been a growing awareness that nephrotoxicity represents a key factor in human nephropathies, where, irrespective of the causative agent, only a few clinical end-effects are diagnosed. Thus nephropathies are generally classified as acute or chronic renal failure, malignancies or immunological changes. The weaknesses in diagnosing nephropathies arises because of the effective role the kidney plays in maintaining homeostasis, despite the fact that it has been extensively damaged. The frequencies of some type of chemically-induced acute renal failure is well documented, but the causes of chronic renal failure, malignancy, and other nephropathies are far more difficult to associate with a chemical aetiology. Many of the new therapeutic agents have important beneficial effects, but they are found to have marked nephrotoxic effects. Thus there is a growing urgency to increase the stringency of chemical safety evaluation for their potential nephrotoxic effects. This is strongly countered by the increased financial pressure to identify potentially nephrotoxic chemicals earlier in their development and humanitarian considerations to more closely relate animal test to the clinical situation. Part of the challenge may be achieved by the increasing use of in vitro techniques.
Toxic Interactions is a collection of papers that discusses the basic principles behind the mechanism of toxicological interactions. This book deals with interacting chemicals and their effects on certain exposed organs or molecules. Concerning discussion of the principles, contributed papers explain the role of xenobiotic biotransformation processes in inactivating reactive intermediates of toxicants. Other authors discuss the effects of endogenous molecules and the consequences of chemically induced depletion of protective agents, as well as the pharmacokinetic principles that affect chemical interactions. Several authors also review experiments on the types of chemicals that produce or increase the degree of toxicity. The text reviews the results of liver and kidney injuries from exposure to two or more chemicals, while other papers focus on lung and heart toxicity. For example, direct mechanism of cardio toxicity includes toxicity due to an increase in plasma concentrations of the compound, or as in latent cardiac toxicity that is a product of another action on another system of organs. Professors in pharmacology, practitioners of general medicine, specialists or researchers dealing with microchemistry, toxicology or drug therapy will find this reference valuable.
The kidney plays a vital role in certain endocrine functions. Abnormalities caused by toxic chemicals or other interventions can have profound effects on these functions and consequently, on total functions. Toxicology of the Kidney, Third Edition is updated to reflect the latest research in this field and focuses on the correlation between anatomy
To you the reader, the joy of discovery begins, for We continue in our goal of providing a text which us the job is done. In this edition, we have corrected is useful, not only to the clinician, but of equal interest past deficiencies, added new topics, expanded infor- to the investigator. The selection of content has been mation regarding the pediatric age group, provided directed at topics of current interest rather than those up to date (March 2003) references, while remaining of historic contribution. We have stressed the cont- true to our concept of a multi-national author book. bution of cell biology and pathophysiology, were it We continue to believe that scientific information is an exists, believing it provides both a better understa- international commodity whose interpretation and ap- ing of toxic injury when known, and a rational dir- plication are strongly influenced by both the cultural tion for therapy and prevention. and ethnic background of the observer. The oppor- nity to share in the rich diversity of the international We are encouraged by the accumulation of rec- scientific community remains a fundamental goal of nized risk factors, which allow pre-treatment strati- this endeavor. To participate as equals leads to mu- cation of our patients’ relative risk and allow us to - tual respect and peer appreciation. The sharing of in- cus our preventative techniques on the individuals tellectual resources fostered by this effort should and most likely to gain the greatest benefit.
This text offers medical students a case-based approach to learning the mechanisms of renal disease. Each chapter covers a disease, beginning with a patient case and followed by a discussion of the pathophysiology of the disease. Issues of differential diagnosis and therapy are linked to pathophysiologic mechanisms. Short questions interspersed throughout the text require students to apply their knowledge. Detailed answers to the questions are included. New to this edition: Full-color artwork and design New color photomicrographs of clinical conditions Additional end-of-chapter summaries Up-to-date information based on new medical findings
L'utilisation d'antibiotiques contenant notamment des aminoglycosides pour com¬battre les affections bactériennes, est très répandue. Or, à long terme, elle pose sou¬vent des complications dont la néphrotoxicité est la plus fréquente. Si les manifes¬tations de ces complications rénales sont connues, les mécanismes de ces altérations le sont moins. Ces communications apportent donc des éclaircissements sur ces mécanismes et les effets de ces substances dans les néphrons, le transport et la pénétration dans les cellules labyrinthiques du rein, l'influence sur la structure cellulaire, les effets au niveau de l'appareil de Colgi et notamment les réactions des organites intracellulaires : lysosomes-mitochendria.