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Recent years have been characterised by growing awareness among European member states about serious shortcomings to the way organised crime is measured and assessed. Currently, organised crime reports primarily generate descriptive analyses of a past situation based on law enforcement data and do not always provide the necessary information for proactive and preventive policy strategies. Therefore an EU Action Plan has been issued to develop a more future oriented and risk based methodology for the measurement of organised crime and to convert the traditional organised crime situation reports into strategic reports for planning purposes. This book is the outcome of two studies undertaken by a team composed of Belgian, Italian and Swedish researchers for the European Commission. It presents an overview of current practices in the measurement of organised crime in Europe and includes a discussion about the concept and the assessment of the impact of the phenomenon. Further the feasibility of the implementation of the existing EU Action Plan was studied and evaluated. As a result of applied research Measuring Organised Crime in Europe provides an in depth and comparative analysis of current practice in drafting organised crime reports across and by the EU and offers new ideas to improve their quality.
The analysis of organised crime is of interest to academics, policymakers, and regulators.The approach taken is necessarily determined by the requirement for analysis and the available resources.This book is the outcome of a six-month research undertaken for the Belgian Gendarmerie, at Ghent University. It presents a methodology to measure the impact of organised crime in Belgium and its research design has been shaped primarily by the demands of applied research. In doing so the research draws extensively from a breadth of research into organised crime while being shaped by the intelligence and policy requirements of the Gendarmerie's Organised Crime unit.This is reflected in the use of a risk-management process that provides the iterative framework for the methodology. Central to this is a three-fold focus that incorporates organised crime groups, illicit markets and economic sectors. Each element relies upon a different method of analysis, however their complementarity is ensured through the organising principle of the spectrum of enterprise.The result is a methodology that is capable of being incorporated into existing systems and provides a richer form of strategic assessments regarding the impact of organised crime in Belgium.
This book presents a discussion of the relation between organized criminals and corruption in the EU's 27 Member States. The book draws on research and scholarly work carried out to provide an analysis of the specific national contexts in which corruption and organised crime thrive, and presents case studies, written by some of the foremost international experts on the subject matter, analysing corrupt exchange and criminal organisations.
The infiltration of organised crime in the legitimate economy has emerged as a transnational phenomenon. This book constitutes an unprecedented study of the involvement of criminal groups in the legitimate economy and their infiltration in legal businesses, and is the first to bridge the research gap between money laundering and organised crime. It analyses the main drivers of this process, explaining why, how and where infiltration happens. Building on empirical evidence from the Netherlands, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, the UK, Ireland, Italy, France and Finland, Organised Crime in European Businesses is divided into four parts. Part I explores the infiltration of legitimate businesses to conceal and facilitate illicit trafficking. Part II examines the infiltration of legitimate businesses to develop fraud schemes. Part III focuses on the infiltration of legitimate businesses to control the territory and influence policy makers. Part IV concludes by considering the research and policy implications in light of these findings. Bringing together leading experts and detailed case studies, this book considers the infiltration of organised crime in legitimate business around Europe. It is an ideal resource for students and academics in the fields of criminology, economics and sociology, as well as private sector practitioners, public officials and policy makers.
This volume represents the first attempt to systematically compare organised crime concepts, as well as historical and contemporary patterns and control policies in thirteen European countries. These include seven ‘old’ EU Member States, two ‘new’ members, a candidate country, and three non-EU countries. Based on a standardised research protocol, thirty-three experts from different legal and social disciplines provide insight through detailed country reports. On this basis, the editors compare organised crime patterns and policies in Europe and assess EU initiatives against organised crime.
Policy makers no longer focus on repressive aspects of organised crime alone, but want to be informed about coming challenges and threats to allow them to take appropriate preventive action and target their reactive response better. For that reason, there is a growing demand to change the traditional assessments into analyses that include more prospective elements about current and potential future organised crime situations to identify specific risks or threats to society. The book outlines a methodology to perform analyses of long-term threats of organised crime and scenario studies and applies this on four case studies at two different levels: three studies at Member State level (Belgium, Slovenia, and Sweden) and one at the European Union level. ln a last chapter, conclusions and recommendations about the method and its applications are presented. The developed methodological tool and the scenarios are intended as a guide for action and consideration for all actors involved in the fight against organised crime.
The influence of organised crime on business activities, enterprises and economic sectors is a matter of concern for many policy makers across the world. As a profit driven criminal activity, organised crime operates in an environment which is not limited to the underworld economy alone. Assessments of the threat posed by organised crime and strategic (preventive) actions to tackle this phenomenon require an understanding of the vulnerable spots in the legal economy that are or might be exploited by crime. This book is the outcome of a study known under the acronym MAVUS II (Method for and Assessment of Vulnerability of Sectors II) which addresses this issue. The study, financed under the 2005 AGIS programme of the European Commission, provides a vulnerability profile of the European pharmaceutical sector based on a new methodology to scan economic sectors for their vulnerability to (organised) crime. Both vulnerability study and methodological tool are intended as a guide for actions and initiatives to be taken by governments, law enforcement bodies and economic players.
This fully revised new edition provides a definitive and holistic overview of Transnational Organized Crime (TOC) in a world in which right wing populism has gained ground, trade wars are increasing, climate change is a reality and Covid poses a challenge for years to come. Updated to reflect the changing world environment, the book includes new chapters on issues such as criminal network analysis, environmental crime, cybercrime, people smuggling, drugs activities in the modern world, the relationship between organized crime and corruption, anti-organized crime resilience and the effectiveness of the fight against organized crime. New country case studies have also been included. The handbook is presented in six sections: • Concepts, theories and laws • Origins and manifestations • Contagion and evolution • Intensity and impact • Governance • Reaction and future Truly interdisciplinary in nature, the handbook features contributions from an international team of experts, working in different academic disciplines and within varied law enforcement agencies. It will appeal to scholars, policymakers and practitioners in International Law, Global Governance, International Political Economy and Security Studies.
The influence of organised crime on business activities, enterprises and economic sectors is a matter of concern for many policy makers across the world. As a profit driven criminal activity, organised crime operates in an environment which is not limited to the underworld economy alone. Assessments of the threat posed by organised crime and strategic (preventive) actions to tackle this phenomenon require an understanding of the vulnerable spots in the legal economy that are or might be exploited by crime. This book is the outcome of a study known under the acronym MAVUS II (Method for and Assessment of Vulnerability of Sectors II) which addresses this issue. The study provides a vulnerability profile of the European waste industry based on a new methodology to scan economic sectors for their vulnerability to (organised) crime. Both vulnerability study and methodological tool are intended as a guide for actions and initiatives to be taken by governments, law enforcement bodies and economic players.