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We present a measurement of the ratio of positive to negative muon fluxes from cosmic ray interactions in the atmosphere, using data collected by the CMS detector both at ground level and in the underground experimental cavern at the CERN LHC. Muons were detected in the momentum range from 5 GeV/c to 1 TeV/c. The surface flux ratio is measured to be 1.2766 \pm 0.0032(stat.) \pm 0.0032 (syst.), independent of the muon momentum, below 100 GeV/c. This is the most precise measurement to date. At higher momenta the data are consistent with an increase of the charge ratio, in agreement with cosmic ray shower models and compatible with previous measurements by deep-underground experiments.
ABSTRACT: The ratio of positive to negative charges in the secondary cosmic muon flux is measured at the Compact Muon Solenoid experiment. Muons with momenta between 5 GeV/c and 1 TeV/c are observed in data collected at ground level or 89 m underground; and found to be a constant 1.2766 ± 0.0032(stat.) ± 0.0032(syst.) for momenta below 100 GeV/c, and rising with higher momenta. The fraction of charged pions and kaons in the secondary cosmic flux resulting in positive muon production has been estimated, with f ... + = 0.553±0.005 and fK+ = 0.66±0.06, respectively. The results presented herein are in good agreement with cosmic ray shower models, consistent with previous measurements, and represent the most precise measurement to date for atmospheric muons up to 500 GeV/c. This is also the first physics measurement involving muons at the completed CMS detector.
The magnetized MINOS near detector can accurately determine the charge sign of atmospheric muons, this facilitates a measurement of the atmospheric muon charge ratio. To reduce the systematic error associated with geometric bias and acceptance we have combined equal periods of data obtained with opposite magnetic field polarities. We report a charge ratio of 1.2666 ± 0.0015(stat.){sub -0.0088}{sup +0.0096}(syst.) at a mean E{sub {mu},0{sup cos}}([theta]) = 63 GeV. This measurement is consistent with the world average but significantly lower than the earlier observation at the MINOS far detector. This increase is shown to be consistent with the hypothesis that a greater fraction of the observed muons arise from kaon decay within the cosmic ray shower.
The magnetized MINOS near detector has been collecting charge-separated atmospheric muon events since January 2005. To reduce the systematics due to muon acceptance equal periods of forward and reverse magnetic field data were combined. This has allowed an accurate measurement of the muon charge ratio to be performed with 8.52 days of data. We report a charge ratio of 1.288±0.004(stat.)±0.025(syst.) at a mean surface energy of 110 GeV.
The 5.4 kton MINOS far detector has been taking charge-separated cosmic ray muon data since the beginning of August, 2003 at a depth of 2070 m.w.e. in the Soudan Underground Laboratory, Minnesota, USA. The data with both forward and reversed magnetic field running configurations were combined to minimize systematic errors in the determination of the underground muon charge ratio. When averaged, two independent analyses find the charge ratio underground to be N{sub {mu}}+/N{sub {mu}}-=1.374±0.004(stat)-0.010{sup +0.012}(sys). Using the map of the Soudan rock overburden, the muon momenta as measured underground were projected to the corresponding values at the surface in the energy range 1-7 TeV. Within this range of energies at the surface, the MINOS data are consistent with the charge ratio being energy independent at the 2 standard deviation level. When the MINOS results are compared with measurements at lower energies, a clear rise in the charge ratio in the energy range 0.3-1.0 TeV is apparent. A qualitative model shows that the rise is consistent with an increasing contribution of kaon decays to the muon charge ratio.
The charge ratio, R[mu] = N[mu]+/N[mu]-, for cosmogenic multiple-muon events observed at an underground depth of 2070 mwe has been measured using the magnetized MINOS Far Detector. The multiple-muon events, recorded nearly continuously from August 2003 until April 2012, comprise two independent data sets imaged with opposite magnetic field polarities, the comparison of which allows the systematic uncertainties of the measurement to be minimized. The multiple-muon charge ratio is determined to be R[mu] = 1.104±0.006(stat)-0.010+0.009(syst). As a result, this measurement complements previous determinations of single-muon and multiple-muon charge ratios at underground sites and serves to constrain models of cosmic-ray interactions at TeV energies.
The handbook centers on detection techniques in the field of particle physics, medical imaging and related subjects. It is structured into three parts. The first one is dealing with basic ideas of particle detectors, followed by applications of these devices in high energy physics and other fields. In the last part the large field of medical imaging using similar detection techniques is described. The different chapters of the book are written by world experts in their field. Clear instructions on the detection techniques and principles in terms of relevant operation parameters for scientists and graduate students are given.Detailed tables and diagrams will make this a very useful handbook for the application of these techniques in many different fields like physics, medicine, biology and other areas of natural science.
MINOS is the first large magnetic detector deep underground and is the first to measure the muon charge ratio with high statistics in the region near 1 TeV.[1] An approximate formula for the muon charge ratio can be expressed in terms of [eta]{sub {pi}} = 115 GeV, [eta]{sub K} = 850 GeV and E{sub {mu}}{sup surface}The implications for K production in the atmosphere will be discussed.
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This thesis describes a precise measurement of the muon charge asymmetry in inclusive pp [RIGHTWARDS ARROW] W + X production at the center of mass energy of s = 7 TeV of colliding protons. The data sample was collected with the Compact Muon Solenoid detector at the Large Hadron Collider and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb[-]1 . The measurement was performed in 11 bins of the muon pseudorapidity within [eta] 2.4 range and for two thresholds on its transverse momentum: pT 25 GeV and pT> 35 GeV. Precise measurement of the muon charge asymmetry provides an important test for the Standard Model physics. Thanks to the large data sample, containing more than 20 million W [RIGHTWARDS ARROW] [MICRO SIGN][nu] events, statistical precision is greatly improved compared with the previous lepton charge asymmetry results at the LHC. Total absolute uncertainty on the charge asymmetry varies within 0.2% [-] 0.4% in different muon pseudorapidity bins. The result provides significant constraints on the parton distribution functions of the proton in the Bjorken-x range from 0.001 to 0.1.