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We present a measurement of the branching fraction and photon energy spectrum for the decay B → X{sub s}[gamma] using data from the BABAR experiment. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 210 fb−1, from which approximately 680,000 B{bar B} events are tagged by a fully reconstructed hadronic decay of one of the B mesons. In the decay of the second B meson, an isolated high-energy photon is identified. We measure [Beta](B → X{sub s}[gamma]) = (3.66 ± 0.85{sub stat} ± 0.60{sub syst}) x 10−4 for photon energies E{sub {gamma}} above 1.9 GeV in the B rest frame. From the measured spectrum we calculate the first and second moments for different minimum photon energies, which are used to extract the heavy-quark parameters m{sub b} and [mu]{sub {pi}}2. In addition, measurements of the direct CP asymmetry and isospin asymmetry are presented.
Using 88.9 million B{bar B} events collected by the BABAR detector at the?(4S), they measure the branching fraction for the radiative penguin process B → X{sub s}? from the sum of 38 exclusive final states. The inclusive branching fraction above a minimum photon energy E{sub?}> 1.9 GeV is?(b → s?) = (3.27 ± 0.18(stat.){sub -0.40}{sup +0.55}(syst.){sub -0.09}{sup +0.04}(theory)) x 10−4. They also measure the isospin asymmetry between B− → X{sub s{bar u}}? and {bar B}° → X{sub sd}{gamma} to be?0 = -0.006 ± 0.058(stat.) ± 0.009(syst.) ± 0.024({bar B}°/B−). The photon energy spectrum is measured in the B rest frame, from which moments are derived for different values of the minimum photon energy. They present fits to the photon spectrum and moments which give the heavy-quark parameters m{sub b} and?{sub {pi}}2. The fitted parameters are consistent with those obtained from semileptonic B → X{sub c}l? decays, and are useful inputs for the extraction of.
The photon spectrum in B 2!X{sub s}[gamma] decay, where X{sub s} is any strange hadronic state, is studied using a data sample of 88.5 x 106 ee− 2![Upsilon](4S) 2!B{bar B} decays collected by the BABAR experiment at SLAC. The partial branching fraction, [Delta][Beta](B 2!X{sub s}[gamma]) = (3.67 ± 0.29(stat.) ± 0.34(sys.) ± 0.29(model)) x 10−4, the first moment E{sub {gamma}} = 2.288 ± 0.025 ± 0.017 ± 0.015 GeV and the second moment E{sub {gamma}}2 = 0.0328 ± 0.0040 ± 0.0023 ± 0.0036 GeV2 are measured for the photon energy range 1.9 GeV E{sub {gamma}}
This comprehensive work thoroughly introduces and reviews the set of results from Belle and BaBar - after more than two decades of independent and complementary work - all the way from the detectors and the analysis tools used, up to the physics results, and the interpretation of these results. The world’s two giant B Factory collaborations, Belle at KEK and BaBar at SLAC, have successfully completed their main mission to discover and quantify CP violation in the decays of B mesons. CP violation is a necessary requirement to distinguish unambiguously between matter and antimatter. The shared primary objective of the two B Factory experiments was to determine the shape of the so-called unitarity triangle, an abstract triangle representing interactions of quarks, the elementary constituents of matter. The area of the triangle is a measure of the amount of CP violation associated with the weak force. Many other measurements have been performed by the B Factories and are also discussed in this work.
Written by authors working at the forefront of research, this accessible treatment presents the current status of the field of collider-based particle physics at the highest energies available, as well as recent results and experimental techniques. It is clearly divided into three sections; The first covers the physics -- discussing the various aspects of the Standard Model as well as its extensions, explaining important experimental results and highlighting the expectations from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The second is dedicated to the involved technologies and detector concepts, and the third covers the important - but often neglected - topics of the organisation and financing of high-energy physics research. A useful resource for students and researchers from high-energy physics.
Articles presented at the third conference on Bilad al-Sham, held in Erlangen, Germany.
The focus for students of Latin America in the past decade has been on the political forces of the left and the so-called 'pink tide' presidencies attempting to bring about social and economic change in the region. However, there has been far less attention paid to the rightwing political forces resisting such change. Such opposition is being orchestrated by political parties, business, the private media and other social and cultural institutions and is linked to the 'soft power' of US diplomacy. In recent years its activities have often appeared to challenge the democratic process itself. Based on a variety of original fieldwork and evidence, this volume addresses the current trajectories of rightwing politics in Latin America in the face of leftist governments, the discrediting of neoliberalism, and the decline of US hegemony. It includes chapters on US policy towards Latin America; the role of US-based think-tanks; the influence of transnational business and of the private media; as well as offering country-specific chapters on key states with rightwing governments and on opposition to left-of-centre governments in Venezuela, Bolivia, Cuba, Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina and Chile. A revealing and important book for anyone interested in contemporary Latin American politics.
Energy in Europe and Russia is in flux. This book presents a rich set of case studies for analyzing the complex and intertwined regional dynamics of multiple actors, levels, and policy fields in energy throughout Europe and Russia, with the aim of offering an alternative view to the prevalent geopolitical or neoliberal approaches.
The Oxford Handbook of Strategic Sales and Sales Management is an unrivalled overview by leading academics in the field of sales and marketing management. Sales theory is experiencing a renaissance driven by a number of factors, including building profitable relationships, creating/delivering brand value, strategic customer management, sales and marketing relationships, global selling, and the change from transactional to customer relationship marketing. Escalating sales and selling costs require organisations to be more focused on results and highlight the shifting of resources from marketing to sales. Further the growth in customer power now requires a strategic sales response, and not just a tactical one. The positioning of sales within the organisation, the sales function and sales management are all discussed. The Handbook is not a general sales management text about managing a sales force, but will fill a gap in the existing literature through consolidating the current academic research in the sales area. The Handbook is structured around four key topics. The first section explores the strategic positioning of the sales function within the modern organisation. The second considers sales management and recent developments. The third section examines the sales relationship with the customer and highlights how sales is responding to the modern environment. Finally, the fourth section reviews the internal composition of sales within the organisation. The Handbook will provide a comprehensive introduction to the latest research in sales management, and is suitable for academics, professionals, and those taking professional qualifications in sales and marketing.
All areas of ionizing radiation detection detectors, signal processing, analysis of results, PET development, PET results, medical imaging using ionizing radiation