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This SAE Recommended Practice describes a procedure for measuring evaporative emissions from fuel systems of passenger cars and light trucks. Emissions are measured during a sequence of laboratory tests that simulate typical vehicle usage in a metropolitan area during summer months: (1)A 1 hr soak representing one diurnal cycle in which temperature of fuel in the vehicle's tank is raised from 60 to 84 F. (2)A 7 mile run on a chassis dynamometer. (3)A 1 hr hot soak immediately following the 7 mile run.The method for measuring weight of fuel vapors emitted during the test employs activated carbon traps connected to the fuel system at locations where vapors are expected to escape. Vapors from these openings are adsorbed by the traps, and the gain in weight of the traps represents the fuel evaporative emissions.The test sequence and method for measuring emissions are applicable to vehicles either with or without systems or devices to control fuel evaporative emissions. Although they have been used successfully with a wide range of vehicles equipped with a variety of control devices, they should not be applied indiscriminately to new or unique vehicles or fuel systems. For example, based on experience that temperature excursions of the fuel tank in parked vehicles follow those of ambient air, the test sequence prescribes heating of the fuel tank to simulate a diurnal soak. Any control system designed to alter the relation between fuel and ambient temperatures will not be properly evaluated in the test sequences prescribed.The recommended practice includes the following sections: 1. Definitions 2. Test Fuel 3. Test Facilities and Equipment 4. Measurement Method 5. Preparation of Test Vehicle and Fuel System 6. Test Sequence 7. Information and Data to be Recorded 8. Presentation of Data.
This SAE Recommended Practice describes a procedure for measuring evaporative emissions from fuel systems of passenger cars and light trucks. Emissions are measured during a sequence of laboratory tests that simulate typical vehicle usage in a metropolitan area during summer months: 1.) A 1 h soak representing one diurnal cycle in which temperature of fuel in the vehicle's tank is raised from 15.6 to 28.9 degrees C (60 to 84 degrees F). 2.) A 17.9 km (11.1 mile) run on a chassis dynamometer. 3.) A 1 h hot soak immediately following the 17.9 km (11.1 mile) drive. The method described in this document, commonly known as the SHED (Sealed Housing for Evaporative Determination) technique, employs an enclosure in which the vehicle is placed during the diurnal and hot soak phases of the test. Vapors that escape from all openings in the fuel system--both expected and unexpected--are retained in the enclosure, and the increase in hydrocarbon (HC) concentration of the atmosphere in the enclosure represents the evaporative emissions. Emission values measured by the enclosure method can, therefore, be significantly different than those obtained by the former trap method, depending on fuel system configuration and component design.
The highly preferred SAE Recommended Practice for measuring evaporative emissions from fuel systems of passenger cars and light trucks is the enclosure technique detailed in SAE J171. The sensitivity and accuracy of the enclosure technique is superior to that of the trap method. This recommended practice is retained for historical reference and for use with older vehicles imported into the United States of America. In addition, this trap method is referenced in SAE J171a for making running loss measurements which cannot practically be made in an enclosure. Emissions are measured during a sequence of laboratory tests that simulate typical vehicle usage in a metropolitan area during summer months.
This SAE Recommended Practice describes a procedure for measuring evaporative emissions from fuel systems of passenger cars and light trucks. Emissions are measured during a sequence of laboratory tests that simulate typical vehicle usage in a metropolitan area during summer months: a. A 1 h soak representing one diurnal cycle in which temperature of fuel in the vehicle's tank is raised from 15.6 to 28.9 °C (60 to 84 °F)b. A 17.9 km (11.1 mile) drive on a chassis dynamometerc. A 1 h hot soak immediately following the 17.9 km (11.1 mile) drive The method described in this document, commonly known as the SHED (Sealed Housing for Evaporative Determination) technique, employs an enclosure in which the vehicle is placed during the diurnal and hot soak phases of the test. Vapors that escape from all openings in the fuel system--both expected and unexpected--are retained in the enclosure, and the increase in hydrocarbon (HC) concentration of the atmosphere in the enclosure represents the evaporative emissions. Emission values measured by the enclosure method can, therefore, be significantly different than those obtained by the former trap method, depending on fuel system configuration and component design. The test sequence and methods for measuring emissions are applicable to vehicles either with or without systems or devices to control fuel evaporative emissions. Although they have been used successfully with a wide range of vehicles equipped with a variety of control devices, they should not be applied indiscriminately to new or unique vehicles or fuel systems. For example, based on experience that temperature excursions of the fuel tank in parked vehicles follow those of ambient air, the test sequence prescribes heating of the fuel tank to simulate a diurnal soak. Any control system designed to alter the relation between fuel and ambient temperatures will not be properly evaluated in the test sequences prescribed. This document is intended as a guide toward standard.
Contributions by Surhid Gautam and Lit-Mian Chan. This book presents a state-of-the art review of vehicle emission standards and regulations and provides a synthesis of worldwide experience with vehicle emission control technologies and their applications in both industrial and developing countries. Topics covered include: * The two principal international systems of vehicle emission standards: those of North America and Europe * Test procedures used to verify compliance with emissions standards and to estimate actual emissions * Engine and aftertreatment technologies that have been developed to enable new vehicles to comply with emission standards, as well as the cost and other impacts of these technologies * An evaluation of measures for controlling emissions from in-use vehicles * The role of fuels in reducing vehicle emissions, the benefits that could be gained by reformulating conventional gasoline and diesel fuels, the potential benefits of alternative cleaner fuels, and the prospects for using hydrogen and electric power to run motor vehicles with ultra-low or zero emissions. This book is the first in a series of publications on vehicle-related pollution and control measures prepared by the World Bank in collaboration with the United Nations Environment Programme to underpin the Bank's overall objective of promoting transport that is environmentally sustainable and least damaging to human health and welfare.
The Committee on Ozone-Forming Potential for Reformulated Gasoline was asked whether the existing body of scientific and technical information is sufficient to permit a robust evaluation and comparison of the emissions from motor vehicles using different reformulated gasolines based on their ozone-forming potentials and to assess the concomitant impact of that approach on air-quality benefits of the use of oxygenates within the RFG program. As part of its charge, the committee was asked to consider (1) the technical soundness of various approaches for evaluating and comparing the relative ozone-forming potentials of RFG blends, (2) technical aspects of various air-quality issues related to RFG assessment, and (3) the sensitivity of evaluations of the relative ozone-forming potentials to factors related to fuel properties and the variability of vehicle technologies and driving patterns.