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A new evaluation of a ruby lidar ceilometer was performed at AFCRL as part of a program to evaluate the applicability of lasers to determine cloud height for airfield use. Comparitive measurements of cloud height were made with a standard Air Force rotating beam ceilometer (RBC). Examination of the test results shows the lidar indicates an accurate presentation of cloud structure. The RBC cloud return is affected by its geometry and by multiple scatter in the cloud. As a result, the measurement is not a true representation of cloud structure. These effects also bias the RBC to indicate higher cloud heights. However, the difference in cloud heights as measured by the two systems is not significant. Therefore, it is concluded that the lidar is a superior cloud height measuring device and both techniques provide operationally useful indications of cloud height. (Author).
The capability and performance of the AN/GMQ-13 Cloud Height Set, commonly referred to as the Rotating Beam Ceilometer (RBC), was reviewed. Included in the study is an assessment of its ability to meet specific requirements for automting the measurement of cloud field properties, that is, layering and cloud cover, through the application of the hierarchical clustering technique. It is concluded that a single RBC system cannot meet current stated requirements for cloud height measurement. An RBC with a 1600 ft baseline can meet the high altitude requirement but has difficulty with low ceilings that are also associated with conditions of restricted visibility. An RBC with a 400-ft baseline does well at low altitudes but is totally inadequate at high altitudes. An obvious compromise would be the deployment of two RBCS, or one projector and two receivers. The hierarchical clustering technique for the determination of cloud field properties was previously demonstrated in AFGL and AWS field tests. The resolution and accuracy to be obtained is a function of the number of ceilometers available, their orientation, and time averaging considerations.
Remote Sensing of Aerosols, Clouds, and Precipitation compiles recent advances in aerosol, cloud, and precipitation remote sensing from new satellite observations. The book examines a wide range of measurements from microwave (both active and passive), visible, and infrared portions of the spectrum. Contributors are experts conducting state-of-the-art research in atmospheric remote sensing using space, airborne, and ground-based datasets, focusing on supporting earth observation satellite missions for aerosol, cloud, and precipitation studies. A handy reference for scientists working in remote sensing, earth science, electromagnetics, climate physics, and space engineering. Valuable for operational forecasters, meteorologists, geospatial experts, modelers, and policymakers alike. - Presents new approaches in the field, along with further research opportunities, based on the latest satellite data - Focuses on how remote sensing systems can be designed/developed to solve outstanding problems in earth and atmospheric sciences - Edited by a dynamic team of editors with a mixture of highly skilled and qualified authors offering world-leading expertise in the field
Synoptic Analysis and Forecasting: An Introductory Toolkit provides the bridge between the introductory fundamentals of a meteorology course and advanced synoptic-dynamic analysis for undergraduate students. It helps students to understand the principles of weather analysis, which will complement computer forecast models. This valuable reference also imparts qualitative weather analysis and forecasting tools and techniques to non-meteorologist end users, such as emergency/disaster managers, aviation experts, and environmental health and safety experts who need to have a foundational knowledge of weather forecasting. - Presents the fundamentals of weather analysis and forecasting - Offers clear accessible writing aimed at students from a variety of mathematical backgrounds - Discusses the reading and interpretation of surface observations and METAR code, processes associated with the motion and intensity of cyclones and anticyclones, and quantitative and/or qualitative diagnosis of processes associated with ascent and descent
Mixed-Phase Clouds: Observations and Modeling presents advanced research topics on mixed-phase clouds. As the societal impacts of extreme weather and its forecasting grow, there is a continuous need to refine atmospheric observations, techniques and numerical models. Understanding the role of clouds in the atmosphere is increasingly vital for current applications, such as prediction and prevention of aircraft icing, weather modification, and the assessment of the effects of cloud phase partition in climate models. This book provides the essential information needed to address these problems with a focus on current observations, simulations and applications. - Provides in-depth knowledge and simulation of mixed-phase clouds over many regions of Earth, explaining their role in weather and climate - Features current research examples and case studies, including those on advanced research methods from authors with experience in both academia and the industry - Discusses the latest advances in this subject area, providing the reader with access to best practices for remote sensing and numerical modeling
Meet the clouds! Simon, Anita, and Dennis learn that clouds can look like horse tails, cauliflower, water ripples, sheep, and other things while they learn the names of different types of clouds. This storybook is one of several Elementary GLOBE books. Elementary GLOBE is designed to introduce K-4 students to the study of Earth system science (ESS). The storybooks form an instructional unit that addresses ESS and related subjects including air quality, climate, clouds, water, seasons, and soils. The science content provided in the books serves as a springboard to GLOBE's scientific protocols, and also provides students with a meaningful introduction to technology, a basic understanding of the methods of inquiry, and connections to mathematics and literacy skills. Each book has associated hands-on learning activities to support learning exploration. For more information, please visit www.globe.gov/elementaryglobe. The Global Learning and Observations to Benefit the Environment (GLOBE) Program, sponsored by NASA, is a hands-on international education and science program that joins students, educators, citizen scientists, and scientists from around the world in studying Earth system science (ESS). The core objectives of GLOBE are to improve science education, enhance environmental awareness, and increase understanding of Earth as a system through data collection and analysis. For more information, please visit www.globe.gov.