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First Published in 1997, Measurement of Cardiovascular Function answers the crucial need for a straightforward guide for cardiac researchers to develop techniques from scratch in the laboratory. The techniques detailed represent major models and methods used in assessing cardiac function in physiological and pathological conditions. The book presents in-depth descriptions of several sophisticated cardiac preparations and includes chapters on the lipid-perfused heart, metabolic measurements, models of arrhythmia, blood pressure monitoring, and models of hypertension. This book examines the most widely used tools in experimental cardiology and provides you with the recipe-setting up the technique, procurement of equipment, sample data and calculations, problems and trouble shooting, adapting to other species, modifications, and applicability. Undoubtedly, this text will be a great asset to cardiovascular physiologists, pharmacologists, experimental cardiologists, and students of physiology and pharmacology.
This book presents detailed descriptions of how to set up and use several classical cardiac preparations from scratch, including whole heart, atrial, ventricular, and papillary muscles and in vivo small animal preparations. It describes methods for monitoring contraction and contractility.
Measurement of Cardiovascular Function answers the crucial need for a straightforward guide for cardiac researchers to develop techniques from scratch in the laboratory. The techniques detailed represent major models and methods used in assessing cardiac function in physiological and pathological conditions. The book presents in-depth descriptions of several sophisticated cardiac preparations and includes chapters on the lipid-perfused heart, metabolic measurements, models of arrhythmia, blood pressure monitoring, and models of hypertension. This book examines the most widely used tools in experimental cardiology and provides you with the recipe-setting up the technique, procurement of equipment, sample data and calculations, problems and trouble shooting, adapting to other species, modifications, and applicability. Undoubtedly, this text will be a great asset to cardiovascular physiologists, pharmacologists, experimental cardiologists, and students of physiology and pharmacology.
This book presents detailed descriptions of how to set up and use several classical cardiac preparations from scratch, including whole heart, atrial, ventricular, and papillary muscles and in vivo small animal preparations. It describes methods for monitoring contraction and contractility.
The objective of this book is to provide the researcher and clinician with the recent developments in the analysis and assessment of cardiovascular func tion. The chapters are organized into sections that correspond with the various anatomical levels of the cardiovascular system. To a large extent, recent focus on the cardiovascular system function has been directed at the molecular level to the near exclusion of the tissue and organ function. While this may be useful in developing new therapeutic drugs, it does not aid the cardiologist or surgeon, who routinely deal with patient symptoms. This book integrates the micro-level and organ-level function so that new infor mation may be assimilated into the cardiovascular system as a whole. Within each section, the chapters have been arranged to progress from recent theoretical developments, to experimental research, and finally to clinical applications. This approach facilitates the timely transfer of infor mation from basic research to the clinic. The strength of the analytical approach will be evident to the reader. The theoretical analysis offers guidance to experimental design and, in some cases, offers solutions where measurements are as yet unattainable. In moving from newly attained knowledge to clinical practice, this book emphasizes the noninvasive meth in the future as technological advances ods. Such methods are desirable occur and the trend towards early preventive diagnosis is sought. What follows are highlights of new developments covered in each section of the book.
Research centering on blood flow in the heart continues to hold an important position, especially since a better understanding of the subject may help reduce the incidence of coronary arterial disease and heart attacks. This book summarizes recent advances in the field; it is the product of fruitful cooperation among international scientists who met in Japan in May, 1990 to discuss the regulation of coronary blood flow.
This volume describes the electrophysiology of the heart and baroreceptor reflexes. It covers the analysis and modelling of beat-by-beat fluctuations of circulatory parameters such as heart rate and blood pressure, and provides summaries of the most accurate and reliable measurement techniques now available. These techniques have revealed the existence of some fluctuations, including oscillatory phenomena in heart-rate variability, that arise from control activity, and contributors examine the clinical implications of this discovery.
Current diagnostic tools for assessing cardiovascular disease mostly focus on measuring a given biomarker at a specific spatial location where an abnormality is suspected. However, as a result of the dynamic and complex nature of the cardiovascular system, the analysis of isolated biomarkers is generally not sufficient to characterize the pathological mechanisms behind a disease. Model-based approaches that integrate the mechanisms through which different components interact, and present possibilities for system-level analyses, give us a better picture of a patient’s overall health status. One of the main goals of cardiovascular modelling is the development of personalized models based on clinical measurements. Recent years have seen remarkable advances in medical imaging and the use of personalized models is slowly becoming a reality. Modern imaging techniques can provide an unprecedented amount of anatomical and functional information about the heart and vessels. In this context, three-dimensional, three-directional, cine phase-contrast (PC) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), commonly referred to as 4D Flow MRI, arises as a powerful tool for creating personalized models. 4D Flow MRI enables the measurement of time-resolved velocity information with volumetric coverage. Besides providing a rich dataset within a single acquisition, the technique permits retrospective analysis of the data at any location within the acquired volume. This thesis focuses on improving subject-specific assessment of cardiovascular function through model-based analysis of 4D Flow MRI data. By using computational models, we aimed to provide mechanistic explanations of the underlying physiological processes, derive novel or improved hemodynamic markers, and estimate quantities that typically require invasive measurements. Paper I presents an evaluation of current markers of stenosis severity using advanced models to simulate flow through a stenosis. Paper II presents a framework to personalize a reduced-order, mechanistic model of the cardiovascular system using exclusively non-invasive measurements, including 4D Flow MRI data. The modelling approach can unravel a number of clinically relevant parameters from the input data, including those representing the contraction and relaxation patterns of the left ventricle, and provide estimations of the pressure-volume loop. In Paper III, this framework is applied to study cardiovascular function at rest and during stress conditions, and the capability of the model to infer load-independent measures of heart function based on the imaging data is demonstrated. Paper IV focuses on evaluating the reliability of the model parameters as a step towards translation of the model to the clinic.