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Visual soil classification methods used for estimating fines content are often relied upon in geotechnical investigations. The estimations of these methods are highly judgmental, generally erratic, and typically necessitate a confirmation. Laboratory mass-based wash tests are regularly performed on selected soil samples in order to verify or complement in situ visual classifications. Therefore, there is a dire need to improve the accuracy of fines content estimates of the visual methods. A preliminary study was conducted to assess the principle of estimating fines content by measuring relative volumes of the coarse-grained to fine-grained soil fractions. The results indicated soundness and adequacy of the principle. Utilizing this volume-based concept and the standard sample washing methods, a pilot study was conducted to develop and evaluate a more precise testing method, the mold test. Triplicate test runs were carried out on 144 soil samples. With run times of 5 to 15 min, the test is sufficiently rapid. The estimated fines contents of the samples were compared with that determined by the ASTM D1140 test. The absolute differences between the two estimates fell within ±5 % range, which is an appreciably higher accuracy than those of commonly used visual soil classification methods. Analysis performed on the results of the pilot study attested statistical competences of the proposed test method. This study has proven that the mold test is convenient for measuring fines content in soils at almost no cost--except minor consumables. The test method eliminates the subjectivity associated with current visual classification tests as well as the time and cost of the standard laboratory wash tests. While it is not intended to be a substitute for the latter, the mold test is an economically viable option that maintains balance between laboratory accuracy and practicality of the field methods.
This Book Highlights The Procedures For 30 Tests Used To Measure The Engineering Properties Of Soil In Both Laboratory And Field Including Dynamic Testing Of Soils. All The Test Procedures Are Based On Indian Standard Practice And Are Very Close To Astm Standards. Features Of This Book Include: * Test Procedures And Tabular Forms For A Maximum Number Of Field And Laboratory Tests. * Classification Of The Soil Tests Based On Type Of Project And Type Of Soil. * A Set Of Questions Is Presented At The End Of Each Chapter For Self Examination. * For Each Test, Theoretical Principles And The Precautions To Be Followed During The Test Are Explained.This Book Will Be Useful To B.Tech./B.E. (Civil Engineering) And M.E./ M.Tech. (Geotechnical Engineering) Students As Laboratory Manual And Reference Book. It Is Hoped That This Book Will Also Be Useful To Field Engineers As Handbook In Soil Mechanics As It Helps In Deciding The Test Programme For A Given Project. Similarly, The Book Will Be Helpful For Quality Control Engineers.
Standard and special vehicle tests were conducted with 21 military vehicles over a range of vehicle weights, tire pressures, and sand strengths and conditions to pursue investigations recommended in the 15th Supplement of this series. Standard tests were of three kinds: self-propelled, tow ing, and towed. Special tests included tests on: honeycomb sand; gravel beaches; drawbar pull-slip; a truck-trailer combination; the effects of a traction device, tire tread, and wheel load; and the Airoll. Coarse-grained soil tests were made in five locations in the United States and France. Principal conclusions were that: (a) maximum towing force of self-propelled wheeled vehicles on level sand (for the same sand and vehicle con ditions) was about 2% greater than maximum slope negotiable, and these data can be correlated; (b) vehicle performance tended to improve with de creasing contact pressure; (c) 6x6 vehicles gener ally had higher tractive coefficients than 4x4 vehicles with the same contact pressure on the same sand conditions; and (d) vehicle performance on wet sand that tended to liquefy under the vehicle load was similar to that on fine-grained soils.
Soil physical measurements are essential for solving many natural resource management problems. This operational laboratory and field handbook provides, for the first time, a standard set of methods that are cost-effective and well suited to land resource survey. It provides: *practical guidelines on the soil physical measurements across a range of soils, climates and land uses; *straightforward descriptions for each method (including common pitfalls) that can be applied by people with a rudimentary knowledge of soil physics, and *guidelines on the interpretation of results and integration with land resource assessment. Soil Physical Measurement And Interpretation for Land Evaluation begins with an introduction to land evaluation and then outlines procedures for field sampling. Twenty detailed chapters cover pore space relations, water retention, hydraulic conductivity, water table depth, dispersion, aggregation, particle size, shrinkage, Atterburg limits and strength. The book includes procedures for estimating soil physical properties from more readily available data and shows how soil physical data can be integrated into land planning and management decisions.